parasites and vectors سال:2011 - دوره:4

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parasites and vectors
سال:2011 - دوره:4 - شماره:1

A 5-year longitudinal study of schistosomiasis transmission in Shian village,the Anning River Valley,Sichuan Province,the Peoples' Republic of China A Google Earth-based surveillance system for schistosomiasis japonica implemented in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China A diagnostic challenge for schistosomiasis japonica in China: Consequences on praziquantel-based morbidity control A new baseline for fascioliasis in Venezuela: Lymnaeid vectors ascertained by DNA sequencing and analysis of their relationships with human and animal infection A possible role for Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini (Parrot,1930) in transmission of Leishmania donovani A simple and efficient tool for trapping gravid Anopheles at breeding sites A strategy for emergency treatment of Schistosoma japonicum-infested water A survey of canine tick-borne diseases in India Absence of zoonotic Bartonella species in questing ticks: First detection of Bartonella clarridgeiae and Rickettsia felis in cat fleas in the Netherlands Acoustic signals in the sand fly Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) Adaptation of a visualized loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique for field detection of Plasmodium vivax infection Adhesion and host cell modulation: Critical pathogenicity determinants of Bartonella henselae Adult population as potential reservoir of NTD infections in rural villages of Kwale district,Coastal Kenya: Implications for preventive chemotherapy interventions policy Age,season and spatio-temporal factors affecting the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia taeniaeformis in Arvicola terrestris An outbreak of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Blue Nile State,Sudan Anaplasmataceae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the sand lizard Lacerta agilis and co-infection of these bacteria in hosted Ixodes ricinus ticks Application of DNA-based diagnostics in detection of schistosomal DNA in early infection and after drug treatment Are fish immune systems really affected by parasites? an immunoecological study of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Are protozoan metacaspases potential parasite killers? Are we paying too much attention to cardio-pulmonary nematodes and neglecting old-fashioned worms like Trichuris vulpis? Assessment of exposure to Plasmodium falciparum transmission in a low endemicity area by using multiplex fluorescent microsphere-based serological assays Assessment of vector/host contact: Comparison of animal-baited traps and UV-light/suction trap for collecting Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae),vectors of Orbiviruses Awareness,attitudes and prevention of malaria in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé (Cameroon) Babesiosis due to the canine Babesia microti-like small piroplasm in dogs - First report from Portugal and possible vertical transmission Bioactivity of miltefosine against aquatic stages of Schistosoma mansoni,Schistosoma haematobium and their snail hosts,supported by scanning electron microscopy Canine leishmaniasis: The key points for qPCR result interpretation Canine leishmaniosis and its relationship to human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Uzbekistan Case studies emphasising the difficulties in the diagnosis and management of alveolar echinococcosis in rural China Characterization of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) expressed sequence tags (ESTs) Chemometric analysis of biofluids from mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni Climatic variables and malaria transmission dynamics in Jimma town,South West Ethiopia Coendangered hard-ticks: Threatened or threatening? Colonization of Grande Comore Island by a lineage of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks Colonization of Phlebotomus papatasi changes the effect of pre-immunization with saliva from lack of protection towards protection against experimental challenge with Leishmania major and saliva Comparison of intestinal parasitic infection in newly arrived and resident workers in Qatar Comparison of the CDC Backpack aspirator and the Prokopack aspirator for sampling indoor- and outdoor-resting mosquitoes in southern Tanzania Compensatory density feedback of Oncomelania hupensis populations in two different environmental settings in China Compliance with eight years of annual ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon and Nigeria Confirmed local endemicity and putative high transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in the Sesse Islands,Lake Victoria,Uganda Contribution of midgut bacteria to blood digestion and egg production in aedes aegypti (diptera: Culicidae) (L.) Correlation between carboxylesterase alleles and insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens complex from China Cotton pest management practices and the selection of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae population in Northern Benin DNA sequence characterisation and phylogeography of Lymnaea cousini and related species,vectors of fascioliasis in northern Andean countries,with description of L. meridensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA6 induces partial protection against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice Dermanyssus gallinae in layer farms in Kosovo: A high risk for salmonella prevalence Description of evandromyia spelunca,a new phlebotomine species of the cortelezzii complex,from a cave in Minas Gerais State,Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) from Diporeia spp. (Pontoporeiidae,Amphipoda) in the Laurentian Great Lakes,USA Detection of the circulating antigen 14-3-3 protein of Schistosoma japonicum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in rabbits Development of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana formulations for control of malaria mosquito larvae Development of Taenia pisiformis in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Development of a rapid dipstick with latex immunochromatographic assay (DLIA) for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica Development of environmental tools for anopheline larval control Diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis in young dogs by cytology and PCR Diagnostic efficacy of monoclonal antibody based sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Fasciola gigantica excretory/secretory antigens in both serum and stool Differential gene expression in Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula from Wistar rats and BALB/c mice Dissemination of Metarhizium anisopliae of low and high virulence by mating behavior in Aedes aegypti Distribution and genetic variation of hymenolepidid cestodes in murid rodents on the Canary Islands (Spain) Distribution of Leishmania major zymodemes in relation to populations of Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies Distribution of Rickettsia rickettsii in ovary cells of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) Dry season ecology of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes at larval habitats in two traditionally semi-arid villages in Baringo,Kenya Durability associated efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets after five years of household use Dynamics of distribution and efficacy of different spot-on permethrin formulations in dogs artificially infested with Dermacentor reticulatus Ecology of Anopheles darlingi Root with respect to vector importance: A review Economic downturn results in tick-borne disease upsurge Effect of an integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis japonica in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China: An evaluation from 2005 to 2008 Effects of temperature on the transmission of Yersinia Pestis by the flea,Xenopsylla Cheopis,in the late phase period Efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting cats Efficacy of praziquantel and artemisinin derivatives for the treatment and prevention of human schistosomiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis Emergence of new types of Theileria orientalis in Australian cattle and possible cause of theileriosis outbreaks Erratum: The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Americas: Occurrence data,distribution maps and bionomic précis (Parasit Vectors (2010) 3 (72)) Establishment and interspecific associations in two species of Ichthyocotylurus (Trematoda) parasites in perch (Perca fluviatilis) Evaluating the potential of the sterile insect technique for malaria control: Relative fitness and mating compatibility between laboratory colonized and a wild population of Anopheles arabiensis from the Kruger National Park,South Africa Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii as a live vaccine vector in susceptible and resistant hosts Evaluation of two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in western Kenya highlands Evolution of apoptosis-like programmed cell death in unicellular protozoan parasites Extensive permethrin and DDT resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from eastern and central Sudan Feeding behaviour of potential vectors of West Nile virus in Senegal Fibrinogen-related proteins in ixodid ticks Field evaluation of the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) in Benin: Evolution of the coverage rate since its implementation First detection of Leishmania killicki (Kinetoplastida,Trypanosomatidae) in Ctenodactylus gundi (Rodentia,Ctenodactylidae),a possible reservoir of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia First report in italy of the exotic mosquito species Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus,a potential vector of arboviruses and filariae First report of field evolved resistance to agrochemicals in dengue mosquito,Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae),from Pakistan Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae Functional characterization of two defensin isoforms of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus Gene discovery in Triatoma infestans Gene expression study using real-time PCR identifies an NTR gene as a major marker of resistance to benznidazole in Trypanosoma cruzi Generation,analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags from the ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis Genetic characterization,species differentiation and detection of Fasciola spp. by molecular approaches Genetic diversity and population structure of Glossina pallidipes in Uganda and western Kenya Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Pahang,Malaysia based on MSP-1 and MSP-2 genes Genetic diversity of transmission-blocking vaccine candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Yunnan Province,China Genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from 14 equine granulocytic anaplasmosis cases Genomes and geography: Genomic insights into the evolution and phylogeography of the genus Schistosoma Giardia duodenalis assemblages and Entamoeba species infecting non-human primates in an Italian zoological garden: Zoonotic potential and management traits Giardia lamblia: A major parasitic cause of childhood diarrhoea in patients attending a district hospital in Ghana Growth and development of Gnathostoma spinigerum (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larvae in Mesocyclops aspericornis (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) Gyrodactylus salinae n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) infecting the south European toothcarp Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes) (Teleostei,Cyprinodontidae) from a hypersaline environment in Italy Hemelipoglycoprotein from the ornate sheep tick,dermacentor marginatus: Structural and functional characterization High frequency of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance marker (pfcrt T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in two communities in South Darfur: Implication for interventions High quality RNA isolation from Aedes aegypti midguts using laser microdissection microscopy Hippobosca longipennis - A potential intermediate host of a species of Acanthocheilonema in dogs in northern India Histological damage and inflammatory response elicited by Monobothrium wageneri (Cestoda) in the intestine of Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae) Human fascioliasis in Argentina: Retrospective overview,critical analysis and baseline for future research Hypoglycaemia and severe plasmodium falciparum malaria among pregnant sudanese women in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission Identification and characterization of six novel tetraspanins from Schistosoma japonicum Identification of malaria transmission and epidemic hotspots in the western Kenya highlands: Its application to malaria epidemic prediction Identification of mosquito repellent odours from Ocimum forskolei Identification of the HSP70-II gene in Leishmania braziliensis HSP70 locus: Genomic organization and UTRs characterization Immunolocalization of TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A,the successful protective peptides against porcine cysticercosis,in Taenia solium oncospheres Implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions Improved mapping strategy to better inform policy on the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Sierra Leone Improvement of the observational method for Plasmodium berghei oocysts in the midgut of mosquitoes Improving the population genetics toolbox for the study of the African malaria vector Anopheles nili: Microsatellite mapping to chromosomes Infectivity to Phlebotomus perniciosus of dogs naturally parasitized with Leishmania infantum after different treatments Influence of inflammation on parasitism and area of experimental amoebic liver abscess: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study Insecticidal activity of the essential oil from fruits and seeds of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi against African malaria vectors Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from Cearáe,Brazil Insecticide resistance in malaria vector mosquitoes at four localities in Ghana,West Africa Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Central Africa Insecticide-treated net (ITN) ownership,usage,and malaria transmission in the highlands of western Kenya Insights into the functional biology of schistosomes Integrated prevalence mapping of schistosomiasis,soil-transmitted helminthiasis and malaria in lakeside and island communities in Lake Victoria,Uganda Larval migration in PERL chambers as an in vitro model for percutaneous infection stimulates feeding in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum Larvicidal effects of Chinaberry (Melia azederach) powder on Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis Leishmania infantum HSP70-II null mutant as candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis: A preliminary evaluation Limitations of selective deltamethrin application for triatomine control in central coastal Ecuador Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: Rapid detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Pomacea canaliculata Lulo cell line derived from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae): A novel model to assay Leishmania spp. and vector interaction Lymphatic filariasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo; Micro-stratification overlap mapping (MOM) as a prerequisite for control and surveillance Major prospects for exploring canine vector borne diseases and novel intervention methods using 'omic technologies Malacological survey and geographical distribution of vector snails for schistosomiasis within informal settlements of Kisumu City,western Kenya Melatonin reduces the severity of experimental amoebiasis Mitochondrial dysfunction in Trypanosoma cruzi: The role of Serratia marcescens prodigiosin in the alternative treatment of Chagas disease Modeling horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the gut of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus Modelling age-heterogeneous Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni survey data via alignment factors Modelling the global constraints of temperature on transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Modelling the impact of vector control interventions on Anopheles gambiae population dynamics Modulation of phosphofructokinase (PFK) from Setaria cervi,a bovine filarial parasite,by different effectors and its interaction with some antifilarials Molecular characterization of cathepsin B from Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory products and assessment of its potential for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis Molecular cloning and preliminary function study of iron responsive element binding protein 1 gene from cypermethrin-resistant Culex pipiens pallens Molecular epidemiology of camel trypanosomiasis based on ITS1 rDNA and RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in the Sudan Molecular evidence for the presence of malaria vector species a of the Anopheles annularis complex in Sri Lanka Molecular evidence of Rickettsia felis infection in dogs from northern territory,Australia Molecular identification and transmission studies of X-cell parasites from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Gadiformes: Gadidae) and the northern black flounder Pseudopleuronectes obscurus (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) Molecular identification of Clonorchis sinensis and discrimination with other opisthorchid liver fluke species using multiple Ligation-depended Probe Amplification (MLPA) Monitoring mosquitoes in urban Dar es Salaam: Evaluation of resting boxes,window exit traps,CDC light traps,Ifakara tent traps and human landing catches Monitoring resistance of Plasmdium vivax: Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase gene in isolates from Central China Monitoring specific antibody responses against the hydrophilic domain of the 23 kDa membrane protein of Schistosoma japonicum for early detection of infection in sentinel mice Mosquito salivary gland protein preservation in the field for immunological and biochemical analysis Multi-locus sequence typing of Ehrlichia ruminantium strains from geographically diverse origins and collected in Amblyomma variegatum from Uganda Multi-source analysis reveals latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in range of Ixodes ricinus at its northern distribution limit Multiple Trypanosoma infections are common amongst Glossina species in the new farming areas of Rufiji district,Tanzania Multiple vaccinations with UV- attenuated cercariae in pig enhance protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum infection as compared to single vaccination Myxosporean hyperparasites of gill monogeneans are basal to the Multivalvulida Neglected tropical diseases and the millennium development goals-why the other diseases matter: Reality versus rhetoric No Paragonimus in high-risk groups in Côte d'Ivoire,but considerable prevalence of helminths and intestinal protozoon infections Occurrence of Babesia spp.,Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricinus in Bavarian public parks,Germany Onchocerciasis in the Americas: From arrival to (near) elimination One Health: The global challenge of epidemic and endemic leishmaniasis One health: The importance of companion animal vector-borne diseases Oral dosing with papaya latex is an effective anthelmintic treatment for sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus Original observations of Desmozoon lepeophtherii,a microsporidian hyperparasite infecting the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis,and its subsequent detection by other researchers Parasites of vectors - Ixodiphagus hookeri and its Wolbachia symbionts in ticks in the Netherlands Pattern of malaria transmission along the Rahad River basin,Eastern Sudan Performance of a dipstick dye immunoassay for rapid screening of Schistosoma Japonicum infection in areas of low endemicity Polymorphic microsatellites in the human bloodfluke,Schistosoma japonicum,identified using a genomic resource Population genetics of Glossina palpalis palpalis from central African sleeping sickness foci Predation efficiency of Anopheles gambiae larvae by aquatic predators in western Kenya highlands Prevalence and risk factors of helminths and intestinal protozoa infections among children from primary schools in western Tajikistan Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in dogs and cats in subtropical southern China Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Myocastor coypus in a protected Italian wetland Prevalence of head lice and hygiene practices among women over twelve years of age in Sindh,Balochistan,and North West Frontier Province: National Health Survey of Pakistan,1990-1994 Prevention and control of malaria and sleeping sickness in Africa: Where are we and where are we going? Progress towards the eradication of Tsetse from the Loos islands,Guinea Proteomic analysis of an Aedes albopictus cell line infected with Dengue serotypes 1 and 3 viruses Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA in females,eggs and larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Questionnaire-based approach to assess schoolchildren's physical fitness and its potential role in exploring the putative impact of helminth and Plasmodium spp. infections in Côte d'Ivoire Risk factors for Entamoeba histolytica infection in an agricultural community in Hanam province,Vietnam Role of the repartition of wetland breeding sites on the spatial distribution of Anopheles and Culex,human disease vectors in Southern France Schistosoma-associated Salmonella resist antibiotics via specific fimbrial attachments to the flatworm Secretory glands in cercaria of the neuropathogenic schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti - Ultrastructural characterization,3-D modelling,volume and pH estimations Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among horses in Tunisia Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in Shaanxi Province,Northwestern China Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in household and stray cats in Lanzhou,northwest China Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Lanzhou,Northwest China Small risk of developing symptomatic tick-borne diseases following a tick bite in the Netherlands Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Anopheles arabiensis breeding sites in la Reunion Island - Multi-year trend analysis of historical records from 1996-2009 Spatial mapping of gene expression in the salivary glands of the dengue vector mosquito,aedes aegypti Spatio-temporal patterns of distribution of West Nile virus vectors in eastern Piedmont Region,Italy Stirred,not shaken: Genetic structure of the intermediate snail host Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni in an historically endemic schistosomiasis area Substrate texture properties induce triatomine probing on bitten warm surfaces Surveillance of vector populations and malaria transmission during the 2009/10 El Niño event in the western Kenya highlands: Opportunities for early detection of malaria hyper-transmission Susceptibility of adult female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is modified following blood feeding Sustained reduction in prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection in spite of missed rounds of mass drug administration in an area under mosquito nets for malaria control Temporal stability in the genetic structure of Sarcoptes scabiei under the host-taxon law: Empirical evidences from wildlife-derived Sarcoptes mite in Asturias,Spain Temporal stability of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes populations in Uganda The abundance and host-seeking behavior of culicine species (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles sinensis in Yongcheng city,people's Republic of China The best practice for preparation of samples from FTA®cards for diagnosis of blood borne infections using African trypanosomes as a model system The burden of moderate-to-heavy soil-transmitted helminth infections among rural malaysian aborigines: An urgent need for an integrated control programme The combination of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with the insecticide Imidacloprid increases virulence against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) The curse of the prey: Sarcoptes mite molecular analysis reveals potential prey-to-predator parasitic infestation in wild animals from Masai Mara,Kenya The distribution of potential West Nile virus vectors,Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae),in Mexico City The dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: Occurrence data,distribution maps and bionomic précis The effect of octopaminergic compounds on the behaviour and transmission of Gyrodactylus The first workshop towards the control of cestode zoonoses in Asia and Africa The immunopathology of canine vector-borne diseases The impact of mass drug administration and long-lasting insecticidal net distribution on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans and mosquitoes: An observational study in northern Uganda The importance of considering community-level effects when selecting insecticidal malaria vector products The paratransgenic sand fly: A platform for control of Leishmania transmission The prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in Sichuan Province,southwestern China detected by real time PCR The prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in western China detected by PCR and serological tests The role of cow urine in the oviposition site preference of culicine and Anopheles mosquitoes The role of proboscis of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi in host-seeking behavior The unique resistance and resilience of the Nigerian West African Dwarf goat to gastrointestinal nematode infections The wMelPop strain of Wolbachia interferes with dopamine levels in Aedes aegypti Thelazia callipaeda: Infection in dogs: A new parasite for Spain Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria cases in Halaba district,South Ethiopia Three-dimensional visualisation of developmental stages of an apicomplexan fish blood parasite in its invertebrate host Tick-borne encephalitis virus in dogs - Is this an issue? Toll-like receptor activation by helminths or helminth products to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease Topography as a modifier of breeding habitats and concurrent vulnerability to malaria risk in the western Kenya highlands Towards an integrated approach in surveillance of vector-borne diseases in Europe Toxoplasma gondii infection and abdominal hernia: Evidence of a new association Toxoplasma gondii infection and liver disease: A case-control study in a Northern Mexican population Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans in China Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers occupationally exposed to unwashed raw fruits and vegetables: A case control seroprevalence study Transmission of Beauveria bassiana from male to female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes Trichinella inflammatory myopathy: Host or parasite strategy? Tunisian Toxoplasma gondii strains genotyping by the use of AK69 marker Urinary schistosomiasis among preschool-aged children in Sahelian rural communities in Mali Use of the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for bacteria detection in Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) (L.) Variations in salinity tolerance of malaria vectors of the Anopheles subpictus complex in Sri Lanka and the implications for malaria transmission Vectorial status and insecticide resistance of Anopheles funestus from a sugar estate in southern Mozambique Vetufebrus ovatus n. gen.,n. sp. (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) vectored by a streblid bat fly (Diptera: Streblidae) in Dominican amber Why is Southern African canine babesiosis so virulent? An evolutionary perspective Zoonoses and marginalised infectious diseases of poverty: Where do we stand? Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye