parasites and vectors سال:2012 - دوره:5

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parasites and vectors
سال:2012 - دوره:5 - شماره:1

A Toll/IL-1R/resistance domain-containing thioredoxin regulates phagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica A comparative study of small RNAs in Toxoplasma gondii of distinct genotypes A gallery of the key characters to ease identification of Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Gamasida: Dermanyssidae) and allow differentiation from Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Gamasida: Macronyssidae) A global map of dominant malaria vectors A multi-level analysis of the relationship between environmental factors and questing Ixodes ricinus dynamics in Belgium A new focus of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald,1901) (Diptera,Culicidae) distribution in Western Germany: Rapid spread or a further introduction event? A study of a population of Nyssomyia trapidoi (Diptera: Psychodidae) caught on the Pacific coast of Ecuador A systematic review and meta-analysis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the Mexican population A systematic review of mosquito coils and passive emanators: Defining recommendations for spatial repellency testing methodologies A user-friendly software to easily count Anopheles egg batches Abiotic and biotic factors associated with the presence of Anopheles arabiensis immatures and their abundance in naturally occurring and man-made aquatic habitats Absence of dry season Plasmodium parasitaemia,but high rates of reported acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea in preschool-aged children in Kaédi,southern Mauritania Abundance and dynamics of anopheline larvae in a highland malarious area of south-central Ethiopia Abundance of Ixodes ricinus and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in the nature reserve Siebengebirge,Germany,in comparison to three former studies from 1978 onwards Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against larvae and engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille,1806) Anaemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Gilgel Gibe dam area,Southwest Ethiopia Analysis of Babesia bovis infection-induced gene expression changes in larvae from the cattle tick,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks in Tunisia Arrhenotoky and oedipal mating in the northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) (Acari: Gamasida: Macronyssidae) Assessment of the genetic relationship between Dictyocaulus species from Bos taurus and Cervus elaphus using complete mitochondrial genomic datasets Associations of passerine birds,rabbits,and ticks with Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia andersonii in Michigan,U.S.A. Attraction of the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae) to host odour components in a wind tunnel Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ticks,ticks parasitizing rodents and the parasitized rodents - Analyzing the host-pathogen-vector interface in a metropolitan area Behavioural response of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae to host plant volatiles and synthetic blends Best-bet integrated strategies for containing drug-resistant trypanosomes in cattle Bio-efficacy of selected long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles arabiensis from South-Western Ethiopia Bioluminescent imaging of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Rhodnius prolixus Blastocystis sp.: Waterborne zoonotic organism,a possibility? Bovine fasciolosis at increasing altitudes: Parasitological and malacological sampling on the slopes of Mount Elgon,Uganda CO 2 flagging - An improved method for the collection of questing ticks Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in rodents in an area with sympatric existence of the hard ticks Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus,Germany Canine and feline parasitic zoonoses in China Characterization and evaluation of a Sarcoptes scabiei allergen as a candidate vaccine Characterization of malaria transmission by vector populations for improved interventions during the dry season in the Kpone-on-Sea area of coastal Ghana Circumstantial evidence for an increase in the total number and activity of borrelia-infected ixodes ricinus in the Netherlands Courtship behaviour of Phlebotomus papatasi the sand fly vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis Cross-reactions of sera from dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum in commercially available Dirofilaria immitis test kits Decreased proportions of indoor feeding and endophily in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations following the indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated net interventions in Benin (West Africa) Defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of North America: New host and geographic records for Onchocerca cervipedis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in moose and caribou Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA mainly in Rhipicephalus sanguineus male ticks removed from dogs living in endemic areas of canine leishmaniosis Detection of Leishmania parasites in the testis of a dog affected by orchitis: Case report Detection of a new insect flavivirus and isolation of Aedes flavivirus in Northern Italy Detection of dengue group viruses by fluorescence in situ hybridization Detection of multiple drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense populations in village cattle of south-east Mali Detoxification enzymes associated with insecticide resistance in laboratory strains of Anopheles arabiensis of different geographic origin Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of Theileria annulata in cattle Development and validation of IIKC: An interactive identification key for Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) females from the Western Palaearctic region Development of an in vitro drug screening assay using Schistosoma haematobium schistosomula Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Leishmania DNA in buffy coat from visceral leishmaniasis patients Diet and density dependent competition affect larval performance and oviposition site selection in the mosquito species Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica,Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia Distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera,Culicidae) in southwestern Pacific countries,with a first report from the Kingdom of Tonga Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa,and the implications for accelerated elimination of Anopheles-transmitted filariasis Diversity of anopheline species and their Plasmodium infection status in rural Bandarban,Bangladesh Does invasive Chondrostoma nasus shift the parasite community structure of endemic Parachondrostoma toxostoma in sympatric zones? Duplex quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection and discrimination of the eggs of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (Nematoda,Ascaridoidea) in soil and fecal samples Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium egg output and associated infection parameters following treatment with praziquantel in school-aged children Effect of combinations of marketed human anthelmintic drugs against Trichuris muris in vitro and in vivo Effects of larval rearing temperature on immature development and West Nile virus vector competence of Culex tarsalis Efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin against Caparinia tripilis in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas and ticks on cats Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas,ticks,mites and lice on dogs Efficacy of slow-release collar formulations of imidacloprid/flumethrin and deltamethrin and of spot-on formulations of fipronil/(s) - Methoprene,dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin and (s) -methoprene/amitraz/fipronil against Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs Elevation of dopamine level reduces host-seeking activity in the adult female mosquito Aedes albopictus Emerging myxosporean parasites of Australian frogs take a ride with fresh fruit transport Entomological profile of yellow fever epidemics in the Central African Republic,2006-2010 Entomopathogenic fungi,Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana reduce the survival of Xenopsylla brasiliensis larvae (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Epidemiology and control of human schistosomiasis in Tanzania Epidemiology of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) in Kenya: Past,present and the future Evaluation of a sticky trap (AedesTraP),made from disposable plastic bottles,as a monitoring tool for Aedes aegypti populations Evaluation of low density polyethylene and nylon for delivery of synthetic mosquito attractants Evaluation of protective immune responses induced by DNA vaccines encoding Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1) and 14-3-3 protein in BALB/c mice Evaluation of the efficacy of bendiocarb in indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors in Benin: Results of the third campaign Evaluation of the efficacy of topically administered imidacloprid+pyriproxyfen and orally administered spinosad against cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis): Impact of treated dogs on flea life stages in a simulated home environment Evidence for genetic differentiation at the microgeographic scale in Phlebotomus papatasi populations from Sudan Evidence of carbamate resistance in urban populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes resistant to DDT and deltamethrin insecticides in Lagos,South-Western Nigeria Evidence of mosquito-transmitted flavivirus circulation in Piedmont,north-western Italy Factors affecting deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) prevalence and infestation intensity in moose (Alces alces) in Norway Factors impacting on progress towards elimination of transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in China First analysis of the secretome of the canine heartworm,Dirofilaria immitis First report of Toxoplasma gondii infection in market-sold adult chickens,ducks and pigeons in northwest China First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in peafowls in Yunnan Province,Southwestern China First report of adult Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) on cattle under a continental climate in Hungary First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal Frontiers of parasitology research in the People's Republic of China: Infection,diagnosis,protection and surveillance Functional characterization of an arrestin gene on insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens pallens Gene expression profile suggests that pigs (Sus scrofa) are susceptible to Anaplasma phagocytophilum but control infection Genetic characterization and molecular identification of the bloodmeal sources of the potential bluetongue vector Culicoides obsoletus in the Canary Islands,Spain Genetic diversity among Toxoplasma gondii strains from different hosts and geographical regions revealed by sequence analysis of GRA5 gene Genetic,serological and biochemical characterization of Leishmania tropica from foci in northern Palestine and discovery of zymodeme MON-307 Growth and ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in its copepod first host affects performance in its stickleback second intermediate host Heartworms,macrocyclic lactones,and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States High prevalence of schistosomiasis in Mbita and its adjacent islands of Lake Victoria,western Kenya Host feeding patterns and preference of Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western Thailand: Baseline site description Human exposure to anopheline mosquitoes occurs primarily indoors,even for users of insecticide-treated nets in Luangwa Valley,South-east Zambia Human ocular filariasis: Further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi Identification and profiling of circulating antigens by screening with the sera from schistosomiasis japonica patients Identification of different trypanosome species in the mid-guts of tsetse flies of the Malanga (Kimpese) sleeping sickness focus of the Democratic Republic of Congo Identification of resistant carboxylesterase alleles in Culex pipiens complex via PCR-RFLP Identity and diversity of blood meal hosts of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) in Denmark Impact of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes on Echinococcus transmission in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the Peoples Republic of China Infection by chikungunya virus modulates the expression of several proteins in Aedes aegypti salivary glands Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Zanzibar: Implications for vector control programmes Insecticide resistance to organophosphates in Culex pipiens complex from Lebanon Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal and Cape Verde Archipelago Integrated community-directed intervention for schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths in western Kenya - A pilot study Intestinal parasite infections in immigrant children in the city of Rome,related risk factors and possible impact on nutritional status Intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren in different settings of Côte dIvoire: Effect of diagnostic approach and implications for control Is semen a useful diagnostic tool for rare infections of the central nervous system? Ixodes scapularis saliva mitigates inflammatory cytokine secretion during Anaplasma phagocytophilum stimulation of immune cells Key factors influencing canine heartworm,Dirofilaria immitis,in the United States Larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern Senegal Larval size in acanthocephalan parasites: Influence of intraspecific competition and effects on intermediate host behavioural changes Leishmania development in sand flies: Parasite-vector interactions overview Life cycle of Renylaima capensis,a brachylaimid trematode of shrews and slugs in South Africa: Two-host and three-host transmission modalities suggested by epizootiology and DNA sequencing Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain,Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Lymphatic filariasis among the Yakurr people of Cross River State,Nigeria Lymphatic filariasis in Brazil: Epidemiological situation and outlook for elimination Maintaining effective mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis through in-process monitoring in Sierra Leone Malaria transmission after five years of vector control on Bioko Island,Equatorial Guinea Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are Vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana Measurement of overall insecticidal effects in experimental hut trials Merging species? Evidence for hybridization between the eel parasites Anguillicola crassus and A. novaezelandiae (Nematoda,Anguillicolidea) Mermithid nematodes found in adult anopheles from southeastern Senegal Mitochondrial peroxidase TPx-2 is not essential in the blood and insect stages of plasmodium berghei Mixed trichuroid infestation in a dog from Italy Molecular characterisation of Galba truncatula,Lymnaea neotropica and L. schirazensis from Cajamarca,Peru and their potential role in transmission of human and animal fascioliasis Molecular characterization and ligand binding specificity of the PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC3 from Schistosoma japonicum Molecular characterization of the hexose transporter gene in benznidazole resistant and susceptible populations of Trypanosoma cruzi Molecular characterization of thyroid hormone receptor beta from Schistosoma japonicum and assessment of its potential as a vaccine candidate antigen against schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice Molecular confirmation of the occurrence in Germany of Anopheles daciae (Diptera,Culicidae) Molecular epidemiological studies on animal trypanosomiases in Ghana Molecular evidence of Culex pipiens form molestus and hybrids pipiens/molestus in Morocco,North Africa Molecular xenomonitoring of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from north-eastern Italy by real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis Morphometrical diagnosis of the malaria vectors Anopheles cruzii,An. homunculus and An. bellator Natural infection of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia) with Leishmania infantum in Brazil New species of Ehrlichia isolated from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus shows an ortholog of the E. canis major immunogenic glycoprotein gp36 with a new sequence of tandem repeats North American import? Charting the origins of an enigmatic Trypanosoma cruzi domestic genotype Observations on Neotricula aperta (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) population densities in Thailand and central Laos: Implications for the spread of Mekong schistosomiasis Optimizing molluscicide treatment strategies in different control stages of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China PCR identification of culicoid biting midges (Diptera,Ceratopogonidae) of the Obsoletus complex including putative vectors of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses Parasite-mediated interactions within the insect vector: Trypanosoma rangeli strategies Parasitylenchus bifurcatus n. sp. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) parasitizing Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Participation of heparin binding proteins from the surface of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes in the adhesion of parasites to Lutzomyia longipalpis cells (Lulo) in vitro Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming Phenetic and genetic structure of tsetse fly populations (Glossina palpalis palpalis) in southern Ivory Coast Phylogenetic relationship of the Brazilian isolates of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) employing mitochondrial COI gene sequence data Population dynamics of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Bobo-Dioulasso city: Bionomics,infection rate and susceptibility to insecticides Population genetic analysis and sub-structuring of Theileria parva in the northern and eastern parts of Zambia Population genetic structure of Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands of French Polynesia: Implications for control using a Wolbachia-based autocidal strategy Population genetic structure of Ascaridia galli re-emerging in non-caged laying hens Population genetic structure of the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus s.s. and allied species in southern Africa Population genetic structure of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus,in a recently re-colonized area of the Senegal River basin and human-induced environmental changes Population-based analyses of Giardia duodenalis is consistent with the clonal assemblage structure Predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of Culicoides imicola in Sardinia using a discrete-time population model Prevalence and diversity of Babesia spp. in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway Prevalence and incrimination of Anopheles fluviatilis species S (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic forest area of Chhattisgarh state,central India Prevalence and molecular identification of Borrelia spirochetes in Ixodes granulatus ticks collected from Rattus losea on Kinmen Island of Taiwan Prevalence and under-detection of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis during mass screening sessions in Uganda and Sudan Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia Prevalence of Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks and rodents from North-west Europe Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies,circulating antigens and DNA in stray cats in Shanghai,China Prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Beichuan County,Sichuan,China and phylogenetic evidence for an undescribed Leishmania sp. in China based on 7SL RNA Prevalence of tick borne encephalitis virus in tick nymphs in relation to climatic factors on the southern coast of Norway Proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the intestine of Salmo trutta trutta naturally infected with an acanthocephalan Prophylactic treatment of flea-infested cats with an imidacloprid/ flumethrin collar to forestall infection with Dipylidium caninum Protective efficacy of menthol propylene glycol carbonate compared to N,N-diethyl-methylbenzamide against mosquito bites in Northern Tanzania Protein expression in the midgut of sugar-fed Aedes albopictus females Proteinases as virulence factors in Leishmania spp. infection in mammals Proteolytic profiling and comparative analyses of active trypsin-like serine peptidases in preimaginal stages of Culex quinquefasciatus Putative filariosis outbreak in white and black rhinoceros at Meru National Park in Kenya Reconsideration of Anopheles rivulorum as a vector of Plasmodium falciparum in western Kenya: Some evidence from biting time,blood preference,sporozoite positive rate,and pyrethroid resistance Rediscovery of Haematobosca zuluensis (Zumpt),(Diptera,Stomoxyinae): Re-description and amended keys for the genus Replication of West Nile virus,Rabensburg lineage in mammalian cells is restricted by temperature Resistance to visceral leishmaniasis is severely compromised in mice deficient of bradykinin B2-receptors Salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of Jaffna,Sri Lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to Aedes aegypti larvae Schistosoma haematobium infections among schoolchildren in central Sudan one year after treatment with praziquantel Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among an adult population in a war affected area,Southern Kordofan state,Sudan Schistosomiasis collection at NHM (SCAN) Seasonal performance of a malaria rapid diagnosis test at community health clinics in a malaria-hyperendemic region of Burkina Faso Seasonal prevalence of malaria vectors and entomological inoculation rates in the rubber cultivated area of Niete,South Region of Cameroon Semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding technique for adult tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis Sequence analysis of the 3-untranslated region of HSP70 (type I) genes in the genus Leishmania: Its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification Serological and molecular survey of Leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank,Palestine Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Kunming,Southwest China Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered chickens,ducks,and geese in Shenyang,northeastern China Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria among sudanese children at New Halfa Hospital,Eastern Sudan Significance of bacteria in oviposition and larval development of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis Social economic factors and malaria transmission in Lower Moshi,Northern Tanzania Soil transmitted helminths and scabies in Zanzibar,Tanzania following mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis - A rapid assessment methodology to assess impact Spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural Western Kenya Spatial correlation between malaria cases and water-bodies in Anopheles sinensis dominated areas of Huang-Huai plain,China Spatio-temporal occurrence of Culicoides biting midges in the climatic regions of Switzerland,along with large scale species identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Species diversity and biting activity of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles baimaii (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria prone area of western Thailand Spinosad: A biorational mosquito larvicide for use in car tires in southern Mexico Spliced leader RNA silencing (SLS) - A programmed cell death pathway in Trypanosoma brucei that is induced upon ER stress Status of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s. s. M form prior to the scaling up of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) in Adzopé,Eastern Côte d'Ivoire Survey of Borreliae in ticks,canines,and white-tailed deer from Arkansas,U.S.A. Teaching human parasitology in China Ten year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Kola Diba,North Gondar,Northwest Ethiopia The burden of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia,and opportunities for integrated control and elimination The development of Leishmania turanica in sand flies and competition with L. major The ecology of mosquitoes in an irrigated vegetable farm in Kumasi,Ghana: Abundance,productivity and survivorship The effects of oviposition-site deprivation on Anopheles gambiae reproduction The global limits and population at risk of soil-transmitted helminth infections in 2010 The life cycle of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense in the tsetse fly The mosquitoes (Diptera: Culidae) of Seychelles: Taxonomy,ecology,vectorial importance,and identification keys The nutritional impacts of soil-transmitted helminths infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in rural Malaysia The origins of the trypanosome genome strains Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU 927,T. b. gambiense DAL 972,T. vivax Y486 and T. congolense IL3000 The population structure of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda: Implications for vector control The role of Src kinase in the biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba castellanii The susceptibility of five African Anopheles species to Anabaena PCC 7120 expressing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis mosquitocidal cry genes The synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats The use of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) to detect the re-emerging Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Luangwa and Zambezi valleys Therapeutic efficacy of milbemycin oxime/praziquantel oral formulation (Milbemax) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infested dogs and cats Tick parasites of rodents in Romania: Host preferences,community structure and geographical distribution Tongue nodules in canine leishmaniosis a case report Toxicity of essential oil from Indian borage on the larvae of the African malaria vector mosquito,Anopheles gambiae Toxoplasma gondii infection: Relationship between seroprevalence and risk factors among primary schoolchildren in the capital areas of Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe,West Africa Trapping of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) vectors using Light Emitting Diode (LED) CDC traps in two arboviral disease hot spots in Kenya Troglostrongylus brevior and Troglostrongylus subcrenatus (Strongylida: Crenosomatidae) as agents of broncho-pulmonary infestation in domestic cats Twenty two cases of canine neural angiostronglyosis in eastern Australia (2002-2005) and a review of the literature Validation of Aedes aegypti Aag-2 cells as a model for insect immune studies Variations in susceptibility to common insecticides and resistance mechanisms among morphologically identified sibling species of the malaria vector Anopheles subpictus in Sri Lanka Vector capacity of Anopheles sinensis in malaria outbreak areas of central China Vector competence of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 Where are the parasites in food webs? Why is tick-borne encephalitis increasing? A review of the key factors causing the increasing incidence of human TBE in Swedena Wolbachia strain wPip yields a pattern of cytoplasmic incompatibility enhancing a Wolbachia-based suppression strategy against the disease vector Aedes albopictus Zoonotic pathogens associated with Hyalomma aegyptium in endangered tortoises: evidence for host-switching behaviour in ticks?