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   Sequential delivery of host-induced virulence effectors by appressoria and intracellular hyphae of the phytopathogen colletotrichum higginsianum  
   
نویسنده kleemann j. ,rincon-rivera l.j. ,takahara h. ,neumann u. ,van themaat e.v.l. ,van der does h.c. ,hacquard s. ,stüber k. ,will i. ,schmalenbach w. ,schmelzer e. ,o'connell r.j.
منبع plos pathogens - 2012 - دوره : 8 - شماره : 4
چکیده    Phytopathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate their hosts for effective colonization. hemibiotrophic fungi must maintain host viability during initial biotrophic growth and elicit host death for subsequent necrotrophic growth. to identify effectors mediating these opposing processes,we deeply sequenced the transcriptome of colletotrichum higginsianum infecting arabidopsis. most effector genes are host-induced and expressed in consecutive waves associated with pathogenic transitions,indicating distinct effector suites are deployed at each stage. using fluorescent protein tagging and transmission electron microscopy-immunogold labelling,we found effectors localised to stage-specific compartments at the host-pathogen interface. in particular,we show effectors are focally secreted from appressorial penetration pores before host invasion,revealing new levels of functional complexity for this fungal organ. furthermore,we demonstrate that antagonistic effectors either induce or suppress plant cell death. based on these results we conclude that hemibiotrophy in colletotrichum is orchestrated through the coordinated expression of antagonistic effectors supporting either cell viability or cell death. © 2012 kleemann et al.
آدرس department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne,germany,department of bioproduction science,faculty of bioresources and environmental sciences,ishikawa prefectural university,ishikawa, Japan, central microscopy max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne,germany,department of plant pathology,swammerdam institute for life sciences,university of amsterdam,amsterdam, Netherlands, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, max planck genome centre cologne,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, central microscopy max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany, department of plant-microbe interactions,max-planck-institute for plant breeding research,cologne, Germany
 
     
   
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