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Associations between selective attention and soil-transmitted helminth infections,socioeconomic status,and physical fitness in disadvantaged children in Port Elizabeth,South Africa: An observational study
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نویسنده
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gall s. ,müller i. ,walter c. ,seelig h. ,steenkamp l. ,pühse u. ,du randt r. ,smith d. ,adams l. ,nqweniso s. ,yap p. ,ludyga s. ,steinmann p. ,utzinger j. ,gerber m.
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منبع
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plos neglected tropical diseases - 2017 - دوره : 11 - شماره : 5
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چکیده
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Background: socioeconomically deprived children are at increased risk of ill-health associated with sedentary behavior,malnutrition,and helminth infection. the resulting reduced physical fitness,growth retardation,and impaired cognitive abilities may impede children’s capacity to pay attention. the present study examines how socioeconomic status (ses),parasitic worm infections,stunting,food insecurity,and physical fitness are associated with selective attention and academic achievement in school-aged children. methodology: the study cohort included 835 children,aged 8–12 years,from eight primary schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods of port elizabeth,south africa. the d2-test was utilized to assess selective attention. this is a paper and pencil letter-cancellation test consisting of randomly mixed letters d and p with one to four single and/or double quotation marks either over and/or under each letter. children were invited to mark only the letters d that have double quotation marks. cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed via the 20 m shuttle run test and muscle strength using the grip strength test. the kato-katz thick smear technique was employed to detect helminth eggs in stool samples. ses and food insecurity were determined with a pre-tested questionnaire,while end of year school results were used as an indicator of academic achievement. principal findings: children infected with soil-transmitted helminths had lower selective attention,lower school grades (academic achievement scores),and lower grip strength (all p<0.05). in a multiple regression model,low selective attention was associated with soil-transmitted helminth infection (p<0.05) and low shuttle run performance (p<0.001),whereas higher academic achievement was observed in children without soil-transmitted helminth infection (p<0.001) and with higher shuttle run performance (p<0.05). conclusions/significance: soil-transmitted helminth infections and low physical fitness appear to hamper children’s capacity to pay attention and thereby impede their academic performance. poor academic achievement will make it difficult for children to realize their full potential,perpetuating a vicious cycle of poverty and poor health. © 2017 gall et al.
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آدرس
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department of sport,exercise and health,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, department of sport,exercise and health,university of basel,basel,switzerland,swiss tropical and public health institute,basel,switzerland,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, department of human movement science,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth, South Africa, department of sport,exercise and health,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, department of human movement science,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth,south africa,department of hiv&aids research,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth, South Africa, department of sport,exercise and health,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, department of human movement science,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth, South Africa, department of human movement science,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth, South Africa, department of human movement science,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth, South Africa, department of human movement science,nelson mandela metropolitan university,port elizabeth, South Africa, institute of infectious disease and epidemiology,tan tock seng hospital, Singapore, department of sport,exercise and health,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, swiss tropical and public health institute,basel,switzerland,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, swiss tropical and public health institute,basel,switzerland,university of basel,basel, Switzerland, department of sport,exercise and health,university of basel,basel, Switzerland
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Authors
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