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Leptospirosis in Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil: An Ecosystem Approach in the Animal-Human Interface
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نویسنده
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schneider m.c. ,najera p. ,pereira m.m. ,machado g. ,dos anjos c.b. ,rodrigues r.o. ,cavagni g.m. ,muñoz-zanzi c. ,corbellini l.g. ,leone m. ,buss d.f. ,aldighieri s. ,espinal m.a.
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منبع
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plos neglected tropical diseases - 2015 - دوره : 9 - شماره : 11
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چکیده
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Background: leptospirosis is an epidemic-prone neglected disease that affects humans and animals,mostly in vulnerable populations. the one health approach is a recommended strategy to identify drivers of the disease and plan for its prevention and control. in that context,the aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of human cases of leptospirosis in the state of rio grande do sul,brazil,and to explore possible drivers. additionally,it sought to provide further evidence to support interventions and to identify hypotheses for new research at the human-animal-ecosystem interface. methodology and findings: the risk for human infection was described in relation to environmental,socioeconomic,and livestock variables. this ecological study used aggregated data by municipality (all 496). data were extracted from secondary,publicly available sources. thematic maps were constructed and univariate analysis performed for all variables. negative binomial regression was used for multivariable statistical analysis of leptospirosis cases. an annual average of 428 human cases of leptospirosis was reported in the state from 2008 to 2012. the cumulative incidence in rural populations was eight times higher than in urban populations. variables significantly associated with leptospirosis cases in the final model were: parana/paraiba ecoregion (rr: 2.25; ci95%: 2.03–2.49); neossolo litolítico soil (rr: 1.93; ci95%: 1.26–2.96); and,to a lesser extent,the production of tobacco (rr: 1.10; ci95%: 1.09–1.11) and rice (rr: 1.003; ci95%: 1.002–1.04). conclusion: urban cases were concentrated in the capital and rural cases in a specific ecoregion. the major drivers identified in this study were related to environmental and production processes that are permanent features of the state. this study contributes to the basic knowledge on leptospirosis distribution and drivers in the state and encourages a comprehensive approach to address the disease in the animal-human-ecosystem interface. © 2015 schneider et al.
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آدرس
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department of communicable diseases and health analysis,pan american health organization,washington,dc, United States, department of communicable diseases and health analysis,pan american health organization,washington,dc, United States, laboratório de referência nacional para leptospirose,centro colaborador da organização mundial da saúde,fundação oswaldo cruz,rio de janeiro, Brazil, departamento de medicina veterinária preventiva,laboratório de epidemiologia veterinária,universidade federal do rio grande do sul,porto alegre,rio grande do sul, Brazil, secretaria de saúde do rio grande do sul,porto alegre,rio grande do sul, Brazil, instituto de pesquisas veterinárias desidério finamor (ipvdf),fundacão estadual de pesquisa agropecuária (fepagro),eldorado do sul,rio grande do sul, Brazil, secretaria da agricultura pecuária do sul,porto alegre,rio grande do sul, Brazil, division of epidemiology and community health,school of public health,university of minnesota,minneapolis,mn, United States, departamento de medicina veterinária preventiva,laboratório de epidemiologia veterinária,universidade federal do rio grande do sul,porto alegre,rio grande do sul, Brazil, department of communicable diseases and health analysis,pan american health organization,washington,dc, United States, laboratório de avaliação e promoção da saúde ambiental,instituto oswaldo cruz,fundação oswaldo cruz,rio de janeiro, Brazil, department of communicable diseases and health analysis,pan american health organization,washington,dc, United States, department of communicable diseases and health analysis,pan american health organization,washington,dc, United States
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Authors
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