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Community risk factors for ocular chlamydia infection in Niger: Pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial
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نویسنده
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amza a. ,kadri b. ,nassirou b. ,stoller n.e. ,yu s.n. ,zhou z. ,chin s. ,west s.k. ,bailey r.l. ,mabey d.c.w. ,keenan j.d. ,porco t.c. ,lietman t.m. ,gaynor b.d.
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منبع
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plos neglected tropical diseases - 2012 - دوره : 6 - شماره : 4
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چکیده
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Background: trachoma control programs utilize mass azithromycin distributions to treat ocular chlamydia trachomatis as part of an effort to eliminate this disease world-wide. but it remains unclear what the community-level risk factors are for infection. methods: this cluster-randomized,controlled trial entered 48 randomly selected communities in a 2×2 factorial design evaluating the effect of different treatment frequencies and treatment coverage levels. a pretreatment census and examination established the prevalence of risk factors for clinical trachoma and ocular chlamydia infection including years of education of household head,distance to primary water source,presence of household latrine,and facial cleanliness (ocular discharge,nasal discharge,and presence of facial flies). univariate and multivariate associations were tested using linear regression and bayes model averaging. findings: there were a total of 24,536 participants (4,484 children aged 0-5 years) in 6,235 households in the study. before treatment in may to july 2010,the community-level prevalence of active trachoma (tf or ti utilizing the world health organization [who] grading system) was 26.0% (95% ci: 21.9% to 30.0%) and the mean community-level prevalence of chlamydia infection by amplicor pcr was 20.7% (95% ci: 16.5% to 24.9%) in children aged 0-5 years. univariate analysis showed that nasal discharge (0.29,95% ci: 0.04 to 0.54; p = 0.03),presence of flies on the face (0.40,95% ci: 0.17 to 0.64; p = 0.001),and years of formal education completed by the head of household (0.07,95% ci: 0.07 to 0.13; p = 0.03) were independent risk factors for chlamydia infection. in multivariate analysis,facial flies (0.26,95% ci: 0.02 to 0.49; p = 0.03) and years of formal education completed by the head of household (0.06,95% ci: 0.008 to 0.11; p = 0.02) were associated risk factors for ocular chlamydial infection. interpretation: we have found that the presence of facial flies and years of education of the head of the household are risk factors for chlamydia infection when the analysis is done at the community level. trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov nct00792922. © 2012 amza et al.
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آدرس
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programme national de lutte contre la cecité,niamey, Niger, programme national de lutte contre la cecité,niamey, Niger, programme national de lutte contre la cecité,niamey, Niger, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States, dana center for preventive ophthalmology,wilmer eye institute,johns hopkins university,baltimore,md, United States, clinical research unit,department of infectious and tropical diseases,london school of hygiene and tropical medicine,london, United Kingdom, clinical research unit,department of infectious and tropical diseases,london school of hygiene and tropical medicine,london, United Kingdom, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,department of ophthalmology,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,department of epidemiology and biostatistics,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,institute for global health,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,center for infectious disease and emergency readiness,university of california,berkeley,ca, United States, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,department of ophthalmology,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,department of epidemiology and biostatistics,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,institute for global health,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States, f.i. proctor foundation,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,department of ophthalmology,university of california san francisco,san francisco,ca, United States
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Authors
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