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Burden of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Related to Tobacco Smoking among Adults Aged ≥45 Years in Asia: A Pooled Analysis of 21 Cohorts
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نویسنده
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zheng w. ,mclerran d.f. ,rolland b.a. ,fu z. ,boffetta p. ,he j. ,gupta p.c. ,ramadas k. ,tsugane s. ,irie f. ,tamakoshi a. ,gao y.-t. ,koh w.-p. ,shu x.-o. ,ozasa k. ,nishino y. ,tsuji i. ,tanaka h. ,chen c.-j. ,yuan j.-m. ,ahn y.-o. ,yoo k.-y. ,ahsan h. ,pan w.-h. ,qiao y.-l. ,gu d. ,pednekar m.s. ,sauvaget c. ,sawada n. ,sairenchi t. ,yang g. ,wang r. ,xiang y.-b. ,ohishi w. ,kakizaki m. ,watanabe t. ,oze i. ,you s.-l. ,sugawara y. ,butler l.m. ,kim d.-h. ,park s.k. ,parvez f. ,chuang s.-y. ,fan j.-h. ,shen c.-y. ,chen y. ,grant e.j. ,lee j.e. ,sinha r. ,matsuo k. ,thornquist m. ,inoue m. ,feng z. ,kang d. ,potter j.d.
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منبع
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plos medicine - 2014 - دوره : 11 - شماره : 4
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چکیده
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Background:tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. we sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in asia,in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.methods and findings:we performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. we then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in bangladesh,india,mainland china,japan,republic of korea,singapore,and taiwan-accounting for ∼71% of asia's total population. an approximately 1.44-fold (95% ci = 1.37-1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38-1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers,respectively. in 2004,active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% ci = 14.3%-17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%-4.0%) of deaths,respectively,in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined,with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% ci = 1,398,000-1,744,700). among men,approximately 11.4%,30.5%,and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and respiratory diseases,respectively,were attributable to tobacco smoking. corresponding proportions for east asian women were 3.7%,4.6%,and 1.7%,respectively. the strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk,accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths,respectively,in asian men and east asian women aged ≥45 y.conclusions:tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality,accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout asia in 2004. it is likely that smoking-related deaths in asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented.please see later in the article for the editors' summary. © 2014 zheng et al.
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آدرس
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division of epidemiology,department of medicine,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt epidemiology center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt-ingram cancer center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn, United States, fred hutchinson cancer research center,seattle,wa, United States, fred hutchinson cancer research center,seattle,wa, United States, division of epidemiology,department of medicine,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt epidemiology center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt-ingram cancer center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,department of radiation and medical oncology,zhongnan hospital of wuhan university,wuhan, China, the tisch cancer institute,ichan school of medicine at mount sinai,new york,ny,united states,international prevention research institute,lyon, France, department of epidemiology,tulane university school of public health and tropical medicine,new orleans,la, United States, healis-sekhsaria institute for public health,navi mumbai, India, division of radiation oncology,regional cancer center,medical college campus,trivandrum, India, epidemiology and prevention division,research center for cancer prevention and screening,national cancer center,tokyo, Japan, department of health and social services,ibaraki prefectural government,ibaraki, Japan, department of public health,aichi medical university school of medicine,aichi, Japan, department of epidemiology,shanghai cancer institute,shanghai, China, duke-national university of singapore graduate medical school,singapore,saw swee hock school of public health,national university of singapore, Singapore, division of epidemiology,department of medicine,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt epidemiology center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt-ingram cancer center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn, United States, radiation effects research foundation,hiroshima, Japan, division of epidemiology,miyagi cancer center research institute,natori, Japan, tohoku university graduate school of medicine,sendai, Japan, division of epidemiology and prevention,aichi cancer center research institute,nagoya, Japan, genomics research center,academia sinica,taipei,taiwan,graduate institute of epidemiology,college of public health,national taiwan university,taipei, Taiwan, division of cancer control and population sciences,university of pittsburgh cancer institute,pittsburgh,pa,united states,department of epidemiology,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, department of preventive medicine,seoul national university college of medicine,seoul, South Korea, department of preventive medicine,seoul national university college of medicine,seoul, South Korea, department of health studies,university of chicago,chicago,il,united states,department of medicine,university of chicago,chicago,il,united states,department of human genetics,university of chicago,chicago,il,united states,university of chicago cancer research center,university of chicago,chicago,il, United States, graduate institute of epidemiology,college of public health,national taiwan university,taipei,taiwan,institute of biomedical sciences,academia sinica,taipei,taiwan,department of biochemical science and technology,national taiwan university,taipei, Taiwan, department of cancer epidemiology,cancer institute/hospital,chinese academy of medical sciences,beijing, China, fuwai hospital and cardiovascular institute,chinese academy of medical sciences,beijing,china,china national center for cardiovascular disease,beijing, China, healis-sekhsaria institute for public health,navi mumbai, India, screening group,prevention and early detection section,international agency for research on cancer,lyon, France, epidemiology and prevention division,research center for cancer prevention and screening,national cancer center,tokyo, Japan, department of public health,dokkyo medical university school of medicine,tochigi, Japan, division of epidemiology,department of medicine,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt epidemiology center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn,united states,vanderbilt-ingram cancer center,vanderbilt university,nashville,tn, United States, division of cancer control and population sciences,university of pittsburgh cancer institute,pittsburgh,pa,united states,department of epidemiology,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, department of epidemiology,shanghai cancer institute,shanghai, China, radiation effects research foundation,hiroshima, Japan, tohoku university graduate school of medicine,sendai, Japan, tohoku university graduate school of medicine,sendai, Japan, department of medical oncology and immunology,nagoya city university graduate school of medical science,nagoya, Japan, genomics research center,academia sinica,taipei, Taiwan, tohoku university graduate school of medicine,sendai, Japan, division of cancer control and population sciences,university of pittsburgh cancer institute,pittsburgh,pa,united states,department of epidemiology,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, department of social and preventive medicine,hallym university college of medicine,okcheon-dong, South Korea, department of preventive medicine,seoul national university college of medicine,seoul national university,seoul, South Korea, department of environmental health sciences,mailman school of public health,columbia university,new york,ny, United States, division of preventive medicine and health services research,institute of population health sciences,national health research institutes,miaoli, Taiwan, department of cancer epidemiology,cancer institute/hospital,chinese academy of medical sciences,beijing, China, taiwan biobank,institute of biomedical sciences,academia sinica,taipei,taiwan,graduate institute of environmental science,china medical university,taichung, Taiwan, department of environmental medicine,new york university school of medicine,new york,ny, United States, radiation effects research foundation,hiroshima, Japan, department of food and nutrition,sookmyung women's university,seoul, South Korea, nutritional epidemiology branch,division of cancer epidemiology and genetics,national cancer institute,national institutes of health,department of health and human services,rockville,md, United States, division of epidemiology and prevention,aichi cancer center research institute,nagoya, Japan, fred hutchinson cancer research center,seattle,wa, United States, graduate school of medicine,university of tokyo,tokyo,japan,research center for cancer prevention and screening,national cancer center,tokyo, Japan, department of biostatistics,university of texas md anderson cancer center,houston,tx, United States, department of preventive medicine,seoul national university college of medicine,seoul, South Korea, fred hutchinson cancer research center,seattle,wa, United States
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Authors
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