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Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Influencing Normal Human Facial Morphology
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نویسنده
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shaffer j.r. ,orlova e. ,lee m.k. ,leslie e.j. ,raffensperger z.d. ,heike c.l. ,cunningham m.l. ,hecht j.t. ,kau c.h. ,nidey n.l. ,moreno l.m. ,wehby g.l. ,murray j.c. ,laurie c.a. ,laurie c.c. ,cole j. ,ferrara t. ,santorico s. ,klein o. ,mio w. ,feingold e. ,hallgrimsson b. ,spritz r.a. ,marazita m.l. ,weinberg s.m.
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منبع
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plos genetics - 2016 - دوره : 12 - شماره : 8
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چکیده
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Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans,yet little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of many common facial features. we conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of 20 quantitative facial measurements derived from the 3d surface images of 3118 healthy individuals of european ancestry belonging to two us cohorts. analyses were performed on just under one million genotyped snps (illumina omniexpress+exome v1.2 array) imputed to the 1000 genomes reference panel (phase 3). we observed genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 x 10−8) for cranial base width at 14q21.1 and 20q12,intercanthal width at 1p13.3 and xq13.2,nasal width at 20p11.22,nasal ala length at 14q11.2,and upper facial depth at 11q22.1. several genes in the associated regions are known to play roles in craniofacial development or in syndromes affecting the face: mafb,pax9,mipol1,alx3,hdac8,and pax1. we also tested genotype-phenotype associations reported in two previous genome-wide studies and found evidence of replication for nasal ala length and snps in cacna2d3 and prdm16. these results provide further evidence that common variants in regions harboring genes of known craniofacial function contribute to normal variation in human facial features. improved understanding of the genes associated with facial morphology in healthy individuals can provide insights into the pathways and mechanisms controlling normal and abnormal facial morphogenesis. © 2016 shaffer et al.
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آدرس
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department of human genetics,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, department of human genetics,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, department of pediatrics,seattle children’s craniofacial center,university of washington,seattle,wa, United States, department of pediatrics,seattle children’s craniofacial center,university of washington,seattle,wa, United States, department of pediatrics,university of texas mcgovern medical center,houston,tx, United States, department of orthodontics,university of alabama,birmingham,al, United States, department of pediatrics,university of iowa,iowa city,ia, United States, department of orthodontics,university of iowa,iowa city,ia,united states,dows institute,university of iowa,iowa city,ia, United States, department of health management and policy,university of iowa,iowa city,ia, United States, department of pediatrics,university of iowa,iowa city,ia, United States, department of biostatistics,university of washington,seattle,wa, United States, department of biostatistics,university of washington,seattle,wa, United States, human medical genetics and genomics program,university of colorado school of medicine,aurora,co, United States, human medical genetics and genomics program,university of colorado school of medicine,aurora,co, United States, human medical genetics and genomics program,university of colorado school of medicine,aurora,co,united states,department of mathematical and statistical sciences,university of colorado,denver,denver,co, United States, department of orofacial sciences,university of california,san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,department of pediatrics,university of california,san francisco,san francisco,ca,united states,program in craniofacial biology,university of california,san francisco,ca, United States, department of mathematics,florida state university,tallahassee,fl, United States, department of human genetics,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, department of cell biology & anatomy,cumming school of medicine,university of calgary,calgary,ab,canada,alberta children’s hospital research institute,cumming school of medicine,university of calgary,calgary,ab,canada,mccaig bone and joint institute,cumming school of medicine,university of calgary,calgary,ab, Canada, human medical genetics and genomics program,university of colorado school of medicine,aurora,co,united states,department of pediatrics,university of colorado school of medicine,aurora,co, United States, department of human genetics,graduate school of public health,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,clinical and translational science institute,school of medicine,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,department of psychiatry,school of medicine,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States, center for craniofacial and dental genetics,department of oral biology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa,united states,department of anthropology,university of pittsburgh,pittsburgh,pa, United States
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Authors
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