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Plant-Symbiotic Fungi as Chemical Engineers: Multi-Genome Analysis of the Clavicipitaceae Reveals Dynamics of Alkaloid Loci
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نویسنده
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schardl c.l. ,young c.a. ,hesse u. ,amyotte s.g. ,andreeva k. ,calie p.j. ,fleetwood d.j. ,haws d.c. ,moore n. ,oeser b. ,panaccione d.g. ,schweri k.k. ,voisey c.r. ,farman m.l. ,jaromczyk j.w. ,roe b.a. ,o'sullivan d.m. ,scott b. ,tudzynski p. ,an z. ,arnaoudova e.g. ,bullock c.t. ,charlton n.d. ,chen l. ,cox m. ,dinkins r.d. ,florea s. ,glenn a.e. ,gordon a. ,güldener u. ,harris d.r. ,hollin w. ,jaromczyk j. ,johnson r.d. ,khan a.k. ,leistner e. ,leuchtmann a. ,li c. ,liu j.g. ,liu j. ,liu m. ,mace w. ,machado c. ,nagabhyru p. ,pan j. ,schmid j. ,sugawara k. ,steiner u. ,takach j.e. ,tanaka e. ,webb j.s. ,wilson e.v. ,wiseman j.l. ,yoshida r. ,zeng z.
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منبع
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plos genetics - 2013 - دوره : 9 - شماره : 2
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چکیده
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The fungal family clavicipitaceae includes plant symbionts and parasites that produce several psychoactive and bioprotective alkaloids. the family includes grass symbionts in the epichloae clade (epichloë and neotyphodium species),which are extraordinarily diverse both in their host interactions and in their alkaloid profiles. epichloae produce alkaloids of four distinct classes,all of which deter insects,and some-including the infamous ergot alkaloids-have potent effects on mammals. the exceptional chemotypic diversity of the epichloae may relate to their broad range of host interactions,whereby some are pathogenic and contagious,others are mutualistic and vertically transmitted (seed-borne),and still others vary in pathogenic or mutualistic behavior. we profiled the alkaloids and sequenced the genomes of 10 epichloae,three ergot fungi (claviceps species),a morning-glory symbiont (periglandula ipomoeae),and a bamboo pathogen (aciculosporium take),and compared the gene clusters for four classes of alkaloids. results indicated a strong tendency for alkaloid loci to have conserved cores that specify the skeleton structures and peripheral genes that determine chemical variations that are known to affect their pharmacological specificities. generally,gene locations in cluster peripheries positioned them near to transposon-derived,at-rich repeat blocks,which were probably involved in gene losses,duplications,and neofunctionalizations. the alkaloid loci in the epichloae had unusual structures riddled with large,complex,and dynamic repeat blocks. this feature was not reflective of overall differences in repeat contents in the genomes,nor was it characteristic of most other specialized metabolism loci. the organization and dynamics of alkaloid loci and abundant repeat blocks in the epichloae suggested that these fungi are under selection for alkaloid diversification. we suggest that such selection is related to the variable life histories of the epichloae,their protective roles as symbionts,and their associations with the highly speciose and ecologically diverse cool-season grasses.
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آدرس
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department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, forage improvement division,the samuel roberts noble foundation,ardmore,ok, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, eastern kentucky university,richmond,ky, United States, agresearch laboratory,school of biological sciences,university of auckland,auckland, New Zealand, statistics department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, institute of plant biology and biotechnology,university of muenster,muenster, Germany, division of plant and soil sciences,west virginia university,morgantown,wv, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, grasslands research centre,agresearch,palmerston north, New Zealand, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of chemistry and biochemistry,stephenson research and technology center,university of oklahoma,norman,ok, United States, the john bingham laboratory,national institute of agricultural botany,cambridge, United Kingdom, institute of molecular biosciences,massey university,palmerston north, New Zealand, institute of plant biology and biotechnology,university of muenster,muenster, Germany, texas therapeutics institute,university of texas health science center,houston,tx, United States, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, forage improvement division,the samuel roberts noble foundation,ardmore,ok, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, institute of molecular biosciences,massey university,palmerston north, New Zealand, forage-animal production research unit,united states department of agriculture agricultural research service,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, toxicology and mycotoxin research unit,richard b. russell research center,united states department of agriculture agricultural research service,athens,ga, United States, the john bingham laboratory,national institute of agricultural botany,cambridge, United Kingdom, institute of bioinformatics and systems biology,helmholtz zentrum münchen (gmbh),neuherberg, Germany, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, grasslands research centre,agresearch,palmerston north, New Zealand, invermay agricultural centre,mosgiel, New Zealand, institut fuer pharmazeutische biologie,universitaet bonn,bonn, Germany, institute of integrative biology,eth zürich,zürich, Switzerland, college of pastoral agriculture science and technology,lanzhou university,lanzhou, China, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, grasslands research centre,agresearch,palmerston north, New Zealand, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, institute of molecular biosciences,massey university,palmerston north, New Zealand, institute of livestock and grassland science,national agriculture and food research organization (naro),nasushiobara,tochigi, Japan, institut fuer pharmazeutische biologie,universitaet bonn,bonn, Germany, forage improvement division,the samuel roberts noble foundation,ardmore,ok, United States, ishikawa prefectural university,suematsu,nonoichi,ishikawa, Japan, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, department of plant pathology,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, statistics department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States, computer science department,university of kentucky,lexington,ky, United States
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Authors
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