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Continent-Wide Decoupling of Y-Chromosomal Genetic Variation from Language and Geography in Native South Americans
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نویسنده
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roewer l. ,nothnagel m. ,gusmão l. ,gomes v. ,gonzález m. ,corach d. ,sala a. ,alechine e. ,palha t. ,santos n. ,ribeiro-dos-santos a. ,geppert m. ,willuweit s. ,nagy m. ,zweynert s. ,baeta m. ,núñez c. ,martínez-jarreta b. ,gonzález-andrade f. ,fagundes de carvalho e. ,da silva d.a. ,builes j.j. ,turbón d. ,lopez parra a.m. ,arroyo-pardo e. ,toscanini u. ,borjas l. ,barletta c. ,ewart e. ,santos s. ,krawczak m.
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منبع
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plos genetics - 2013 - دوره : 9 - شماره : 4
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چکیده
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Numerous studies of human populations in europe and asia have revealed a concordance between their extant genetic structure and the prevailing regional pattern of geography and language. for native south americans,however,such evidence has been lacking so far. therefore,we examined the relationship between y-chromosomal genotype on the one hand,and male geographic origin and linguistic affiliation on the other,in the largest study of south american natives to date in terms of sampled individuals and populations. a total of 1,011 individuals,representing 50 tribal populations from 81 settlements,were genotyped for up to 17 short tandem repeat (str) markers and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (y-snps),the latter resolving phylogenetic lineages q and c. virtually no structure became apparent for the extant y-chromosomal genetic variation of south american males that could sensibly be related to their inter-tribal geographic and linguistic relationships. this continent-wide decoupling is consistent with a rapid peopling of the continent followed by long periods of isolation in small groups. furthermore,for the first time,we identified a distinct geographical cluster of y-snp lineages c-m217 (c3*) in south america. such haplotypes are virtually absent from north and central america,but occur at high frequency in asia. together with the locally confined y-str autocorrelation observed in our study as a whole,the available data therefore suggest a late introduction of c3* into south america no more than 6,000 years ago,perhaps via coastal or trans-pacific routes. extensive simulations revealed that the observed lack of haplogroup c3* among extant north and central american natives is only compatible with low levels of migration between the ancestor populations of c3* carriers and non-carriers. in summary,our data highlight the fact that a pronounced correlation between genetic and geographic/cultural structure can only be expected under very specific conditions,most of which are likely not to have been met by the ancestors of native south americans. © 2013 roewer et al.
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آدرس
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institute of legal medicine and forensic sciences',department of forensic genetics,charité-universitätsmedizin berlin,berlin, Germany, cologne center for genomics,university of cologne,cologne,germany,institute of medical informatics and statistics,christian-albrechts university,kiel, Germany, institute of molecular pathology and immunology,university of porto,porto,portugal,universidade federal do pará,laboratório de genética humana e médica,belém,pará, Brazil, institute of molecular pathology and immunology,university of porto,porto, Portugal, institute of molecular pathology and immunology,university of porto,porto, Portugal, universidad de buenos aires,facultad de farmacia y bioquimica,servicio de huellas digitales geneticas,buenos aires, Argentina, universidad de buenos aires,facultad de farmacia y bioquimica,servicio de huellas digitales geneticas,buenos aires, Argentina, universidad de buenos aires,facultad de farmacia y bioquimica,servicio de huellas digitales geneticas,buenos aires, Argentina, universidade federal do pará,laboratório de genética humana e médica,belém,pará, Brazil, universidade federal do pará,laboratório de genética humana e médica,belém,pará, Brazil, universidade federal do pará,laboratório de genética humana e médica,belém,pará, Brazil, institute of legal medicine and forensic sciences',department of forensic genetics,charité-universitätsmedizin berlin,berlin, Germany, institute of legal medicine and forensic sciences',department of forensic genetics,charité-universitätsmedizin berlin,berlin, Germany, institute of legal medicine and forensic sciences',department of forensic genetics,charité-universitätsmedizin berlin,berlin, Germany, department of psychiatry and psychotherapy,charité-universitätsmedizin berlin,berlin, Germany, department of forensic medicine,university of zaragoza,zaragoza, Spain, department of forensic medicine,university of zaragoza,zaragoza, Spain, department of forensic medicine,university of zaragoza,zaragoza, Spain, science and technology department,ministry of public health,quito, Ecuador, laboratorio de diagnósticos por dna,instituto de biologia,universidade do estado do rio de janeiro,rio de janeiro, Brazil, laboratorio de diagnósticos por dna,instituto de biologia,universidade do estado do rio de janeiro,rio de janeiro, Brazil, genes ltda.,laboratorio genetica forense y huellas digitales del dna,medellín,colombia,instituto de biología,universidad de antioquia,medellín, Colombia, unitat d'antropologia,departamento de biologia animal,facultat de biologia,universitat de barcelona,barcelona, Spain, laboratorio de genetica forense,departamento de toxicología y legislación sanitaria,facultat de medicina,universidad complutense de madrid,madrid, Spain, laboratorio de genetica forense,departamento de toxicología y legislación sanitaria,facultat de medicina,universidad complutense de madrid,madrid, Spain, pricai-fundación favaloro,buenos aires, Argentina, laboratorio de genetica molecular,unidad de genetica medica,facultad de medicina,universidad del zulia,maracaibo, Venezuela, laboratorio de genética humana,facultad de ciencias biológicas,unmsm-universidad,nacional mayor de san marcos,lima, Peru, institute of social and cultural anthropology,university of oxford,oxford, United Kingdom, universidade federal do pará,laboratório de genética humana e médica,belém,pará, Brazil, institute of medical informatics and statistics,christian-albrechts university,kiel, Germany
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Authors
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