Ticks in the wrong boxes: Assessing error in blanket-drag studies due to occasional sampling

Background: the risk posed by ticks as vectors of disease is typically assessed by blanket-drag sampling of host-seeking individuals. comparisons of peak abundance between plots - either in order to establish their relative risk or to identify environmental correlates - are often carried out by sampling on one or two occasions during the period of assumed peak tick activity. methods. this paper simulates this practice by 're-sampling' from model datasets derived from an empirical field study. re-sample dates for each plot are guided by either the previous year's peak at the plot,or the previous year's peak at a similar,nearby plot. results from single,double and three-weekly sampling regimes are compared. results: sampling on single dates within a two-month window of assumed peak activity has the potential to introduce profound errors; sampling on two dates (double sampling) offers greater precision,but three-weekly sampling is the least biased. conclusions: the common practice of sampling for the abundance of host-seeking ticks on single dates in each plot-year should be strenuously avoided; it is recommended that field acarologists employ regular sampling throughout the year at intervals no greater than three weeks,for a variety of epidemiological studies. © 2013 dobson; licensee biomed central ltd.