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Citation Metrics: A Primer on How (Not) to Normalize
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نویسنده
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ioannidis j.p.a. ,boyack k. ,wouters p.f.
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منبع
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plos biology - 2016 - دوره : 14 - شماره : 9
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چکیده
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Citation metrics are increasingly used to appraise published research. one challenge is whether and how to normalize these metrics to account for differences across scientific fields,age (year of publication),type of document,database coverage,and other factors. we discuss the pros and cons for normalizations using different approaches. additional challenges emerge when citation metrics need to be combined across multiple papers to appraise the corpus of scientists,institutions,journals,or countries,as well as when trying to attribute credit in multiauthored papers. different citation metrics may offer complementary insights,but one should carefully consider the assumptions that underlie their calculation. © 2016 ioannidis et al.
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آدرس
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meta-research innovation center at stanford (metrics),stanford university,stanford,ca,united states,stanford prevention research center,department of medicine,stanford university school of medicine,stanford,ca,united states,department of health research and policy,stanford university school of medicine,stanford,ca,united states,department of statistics,stanford university school of humanities and sciences,stanford,ca, United States, scitech strategies,inc.,albuquerque,nm, United States, centre for science and technology studies,leiden university,leiden, Netherlands
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Authors
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