design and analysis of a novel optical circulator based on photonic crystal for photonic integrated circuit applications

In this paper, a novel design of a 4-port optical circulator is proposed using two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal ring resonators. this design is suitable for photonic integrated circuit applications and allows the design to function in both clockwise and anticlockwise mode. it presents the evaluated transmission of over 84%. the nanowires in this structure are made up of silicon having a refractive index of 3.46 surrounded with air. the wide range of wavelength covers the third window of transmission, so the wavelength in this range can pass across the offered design of optical circulator. the transmission range of wavelengths is calculated and analyzed.