graphene hybrid surface plasmon waveguide with low loss transmission

In this paper, a novel graphene hybrid surface plasmon waveguide structure is designed. based on the finite element method, the mode characteristics, the quality factor, and the gain threshold of the waveguide structure are analyzed. the results show that the optical field constraint of the designed waveguide can reach a better level of deep sub-wavelength under the optimal parameters of 1550-nm working wavelength. the structure is applied to a laser, and the high quality factor, the low energy loss, the low threshold limit, and the ultra-small effective mode field area are obtained by adjusting waveguide design parameters. compared with the common waveguide structure, this structure has stronger optical field limiting ability and microcavity binding ability. it provides theoretical and technical support for the development of new high-efficiency nano-laser devices and is expected to be applied to fields such as on-chip interconnects, photonic integrated circuits, optical storage, and optical signal processing.