analytical modeling based on modified effective medium theories for optical properties of photovoltaic material-incorporated plasmonic nanoparticles

Theoretical guidance on the optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles (nps) is of significant importance in tremendous numbers of fields like photovoltaics. the incorporation of plasmonic nps into photovoltaic material can promote optical absorption either via the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr) modes or due to multiple light scattering. since most fabrication techniques for the incorporation of nps into photovoltaic material result in a random array of nps with various sizes, numerical simulations based on solving the maxwell equations are computationally expensive and prohibitively slow for this large number of nps. therefore, in this paper, based on modified effective medium theories, taking into account finite size of nps, size dispersion for nps, extrinsic dynamic effect, and intrinsic confinement effect, fast and cost-effective analytical modeling, considering both lspr and scattering effects, is presented to obtain the optical properties of photovoltaic material incorporated by spherical nps with nonuniform size and random distribution. then, by means of presented analytical modeling, considering reasonably low and high volume fractions of nps in addition to small and large size of nps, the effect of different parameters of embedded nps into organic and inorganic photovoltaic materials is explored.