First report of sand fly (diptera: Psycodidae: phlebotomine) immature males and various reproductive stages of females in upper and lower dir districts,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Study on phlebotomine sand flies was carried out in four tehsils of upper and lower dir. the collected sand flies were examined to study different physiological status regarding immature stages of male and blood fed/half fed and gravid/semi gravid females. immature male individuals belonging to three different species including p. salengensis,p. sergenti,and p. andrejevi were found in the collection from sheds of cow,goat and sheep in three tehsils; timergara,khall and balambat. a total of 1703 female sand flies were dissected revealing 30 fed,59 half fed and 19 gravid/semi gravid flies. the sites where immature stages or blood fed or gravid female flies were found can be considered as possible breeding sites of sand flies,consequently could be used for their source reduction in control measures. © copyright 2016 zoological society of pakistan.