Time-budgets of turkeys (Maleagris gallopavo) reared under confinement and free range rearing systems

Time budget of turkeys (maleagris gallopavo) reared under free-range and confinement rearing systems was recorded and compared from day old chick to sixth months of age. throughout the study period,m. gallopavo reared under free-range rearing system spent relatively greater time in litter pecking (23.51%) followed by walking (19.99%),feeding (16.33%),preening (13.72%),feather pecking (6.07%),aggression (5.94%),drinking (5.90%),immobility (2.36%),standing (2.29%) and jumping (1.96%). similarly,the birds reared under confinement rearing system spent relatively greater time in lying (17.82%) followed by litter pecking (15.71),preening (12.93%),walking (11.47%),standing (8.35%),drinking (8.31%),aggression (6.85%),feeding (6.46%),feather pecking (6.04%),immobility (4.59%) and jumping (1.46%) behavior. it was observed during present study that the birds reared under free-range rearing system spent significantly greater time in litter pecking,walking and feeding behaviors as compared to the birds reared under confinements. these behaviors are indicators of good health of the animals,therefore free-range system is recommended over confinement rearing system for farming of m. gallopavo. copyright 2016 zoological society of pakistan.