Factors involving in fluctuation of trace metals concentrations in bovine milk

Milk makes a significant contribution to human diet through provision of macronutrients,vitamins and minerals. the exact composition of milk varies with species among domestic animals according to their neonatal needs. it is recognized that imbalance in the quantity of minerals and trace elements is a serious health hazard especially for infants. many studies reported the fluctuation in the level of metals in milk due to the influence of several factors such as geographical and exposure to environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activity. amongst all sources,industries take lion's share to alter the metal content in milk. the importance of different nutritional and toxic metals in milk from different geographical areas is discussed. © 2015,pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. all rights reserved.