Difference in epiphytic lichen communities on quercus cerris from urban and rural areas in Bursa (Turkey)

Sixty epiphytic lichen species were identified in seven localities from urban and rural areas in bursa province. amandinea punctata,hyperphyscia adglutinata,opegrapha herbarum,and parmelia sulcata commonly found in areas with intensive anthropogenic influence were determined to be indicators of urban areas. pleurosticta acetabulum and pseudevernia furfuracea were determined to be indicators of rural areas. the species diversity and composition of the epiphytic lichens on quercus cerris varied depending on the effects of macroclimatic and microclimatic factors,anthropogenic and agricultural activities. © 2017,pakistan botanical society. all rights reserved.