Anther development and microsporogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Microsporogenesis and pollen morphology of phoenix dactylifera l. was studied in this study. anther,in different developmental stages,was removed,fixed in formalin-glacial acetic acid-alcohol (faa),stored in 70% ethanol,embedded in paraffin and then sliced at 8-10μm by rotary microtome. staining was carried out with hematoxylin-eozin. scanning electron microscope (sem) was used to analyze the mature pollen grains. the pollen protein extracts of date palm were obtained from pollen by phosphate buffer saline (pbs). they were separated by 10% sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the anther wall is constituted of five cellular strata: epidermis,monostratified endothecium,middle layer formed by two cellular strata and the secretory tapetum. the microspore mother cells begin meiosis and form tetrads of tetragonal microspores. the mature anther wall consists of an epidermis and an endothecium. mature pollen grains are two-celled and monosulcate,semitectate -reticulate. sds- page analysis of mature pollen grains showed protein bands of 10–110 kda regions. © 2017,pakistan botanical society. all rights reserved.