Improvement of embryogenesis and regeneration by air desiccation in maize (Zea mays L.)

Calli derived from mature embryos of four maize varieties viz. mohar,khoi bhutta,bamali and shuvra were cultured in three basal media for regeneration (ms,n6 and 6n1) which individually supplemented with four hormonal combinations e.g. h1 = bap 0.5 mg/l + iaa 0.0 mg/l,h2 = bap 1.0 mg/l + iaa 0.5 mg/l,h3 = bap 1.5 mg/l + iaa 1.0 mg/l and h4 = bap 2.0 mg/l + iaa 1.5 mg/l. the highest frequency of regeneration was found with ms + h2 (41.35%) in mohar,while the lowest was 17.37% in 6n1 + h1 for barnali. to enhance the capability of regeneration,calli were pretreated by ten groups (6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48,54 and 60 h) of desiccation periods. the degrees of desiccation of pretreated calli were determined; and it was ranged as 6.23 to 40.52% where khoi bhutta showed the maximum value at 60 h desiccation. the callus of mohar exhibited the highest frequency of regeneration (75.24%) which desiccated for 48 h; and it was around 2 fold higher than the control. the variety khoi bhutta showed the lowest efficiency (31.80%) when the callus was desiccated for 6 h. all the varieties performed their maximum regeneration at different periods,where 36,30 and 42 h desiccation were optimal for barnali (67.23%),khoi bhutta (68.03%) and shuvra (73.98%) accordingly. analysis of variance (anova) showed significant effect of maize genotype and periods of partial air desiccation to enhance regeneration at p<0.05 level. © 2016,pakistan botanical society. all rights reserved.