Isolation of fungi associated with shisham trees and their effect on seed germination and seedling mortality

A total of 10 fungi viz.,fusarium solani,f. moniliforme,f. equiseti,f. oxysporum. f. semitectum,rhizoctonia solani,alternaria alternata,curvularia lunata,aspergillus niger and penicillium sp. were isolated from infected roots,bark,seed and stem of shisham. f. solani was most predominant followed by r. solani and c. lunata. maximum infection frequency of 75.00% was exhibited by f. solani colonizing stem tissues followed by 47.39% from bark tissues,29.83% from seeds and 15.62% from roots. the colonization percent of f. solani was highest in stem tissues collected from ghotki (85.50%) as compared to pano akil (70.00%),mirpur mathelo (65.50%),daharki (56.50%) and hala (34.60%) followed by f. moniliforme ranging from 3.00-18.50% as compared to other isolated fungi. seed germination percentage was also reduced (50.00%) in soil infested with f. solani and seedling mortality was 93.33% followed by soil infested with r. solani (60.00%) with mortality rate (66.66%) and c. lunata (70.00%),seedling mortality rate of 42.85% as compared to f. moniliforme and f. oxysporum,respectively.