Distribution pattern,ecology and endemism of family crassulaceae in Pakistan and Kashmir

Distribution pattern,ecology and endemism of family crassulaceae have been studied in pakistan and kashmir. out of 31 taxa,15 are irano-turanian elements,16 are sino-japanese elements and only one is mediterranean element. twenty nine taxa are classified as uniregional,while one is biregional element. only one taxon is considered as pluriregional element. rhodiola saxifragoides,rosularia adenotricha subsp. chitralica and hylotelephium pakistanicum are endemic taxa. while rhodiola pachyclados and rosularia sedoides are partim endemic. the former species is confined to (kurrum valley) pakistan and afghanistan whereas the latter species distributed in kashmir and n india. rhodiola coccinea subsp. scabrida is subendemic to the peripheral belt of irano-turanian and sino-japanese regions.