Directionality of Person–Situation Transactions: Are There Spillovers Among and Between Situation Experiences and Personality States?

To elucidate temporal sequences among and between person and situation variables,this work examines cross-measurement spillovers between situation experiences s (on the situational eight diamonds characteristics [duty,intellect,adversity,mating,positivity,negativity,deception,sociality]) and personality states p (on the big six hexaco dimensions [honesty/humility,emotionality,extraversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,openness to experience]) in experience sampling data. multi-level modeling of lagged data at tn-1 and non-lagged data at tn grants the opportunity to examine (a) the stability (p → p,s → s),(b) cross-sectional associations (s ↔ p),and (c) cross-lagged associations among and between situation experiences and personality states (s → p,p → s). findings indicated that there were (a) moderate stability paths,(b) small to moderate cross-sectional paths,and (c) only very small cross-lagged paths (though the different situation characteristics and personality states showed differential tendencies toward no directionality,s → p or p → s unidirectionality,or bidirectionality). findings are discussed in light of refining studies on dynamic person–situation transactions. © 2016,© 2016 by the society for personality and social psychology,inc.