rose water, quality control, and its application

Background: rose water is mostly produced by the distillation of fresh rose flowers from rosa × damascena herrm. objective: this review focused on rose water, quality control, and its application. methods: the information was gathered by searching different resources. results: iran, especially kashan city (qamsar village) has a long history of this industry., indeed, qamsar in iran is the main origin of rose flowers in the world and rose water production is an old industry in kashan city. now, four provinces of fars (maymand), kerman, isfahan (kashan), and east azerbaijan have the most land under cultivation of r × damascena in iran. turkey and bulgaria are the other producers of rose water in the world. rose water is mostly used in cosmetic industries but has a long history of use as a drink and flavoring agent in iran and persian gulf countries. conclusion: this review evaluates rose water in different aspects of traditional uses, quality control, and therapeutic effects, and provides some information on adulteration and identification of original rose water.