بررسی میزان اثر بخشی قصه ‌گویی بر کاهش ترس‌های دوران کودکی و کمرویی در کودکان

هدف: مطالعه حاضر بررسی میزان اثربخشی قصه‌ گویی بر کاهش ترس‌های دوران کودکی و کمرویی در کودکان است. روش‌ شناسی: روش پژوهش به شیوه پیش‌آزمون - پس‌آزمون است. جامعه این پژوهش شامل کودکان 3 تا 8 سال شهرستان اردکان است. نمونه مورد نظر با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شد و افراد به دو گروه آزمایش و گواه گمارده شدند. حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول کوهن برای هر گروه، 25 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات مقیاس‌های سنجش ترس کودکان و مقیاس کمرویی چک و بریگز بودند. ابتدا بر روی هر دو گروه پیش‌آزمون اجرا گردید؛ سپس مداخله آزمایشی قصه درمانی، به شیوه گروهی به اجرا درآمد و پس از اتمام برنامه درمانی، پس‌آزمون اجرا شد. یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش پس از گردآوری داده‌ها به وسیله پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد شده، جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از روش آماری تحلیل واریانس چند متغیریه استفاده شد.  نتایج: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش درمان قصه‌گویی بر کاهش ترس‌های دوران کودکی و کمرویی در کودکان 3 تا 8 ساله تاثیر مثبتی دارد؛ به طوری که گروه آزمایشی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بعد از شنیدن داستان‌های کودکانه در قالب درمان، ترس و کمرویی کمتری نشان دادند. از این رو، توصیه می‌شود این نوع درمان به دلیل هماهنگی و همپوشی با نیازها و ویژگی‌های ذاتی کودکان، محدودیت‌های کارکردهای شناختی، هیجانی و رفتاری آن‌ها، از طریق معرفی به والدین، مراکز مشاوره و خدمات روان‌ شناختی مهد کودک‌ها و مدارس مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Storytelling in Reducing Childhood Fears and Shyness in Children 3-8 Years

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling on reducing of childhood fears and shyness in children. The research design is a pretestposttest test.Methodology: It includes all 3 to 8 yearold children in Ardakan city. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling method and the subjects were assigned to the experimental and control groups. The sample size was selected according to Cohen table for each group of 25 people. The data collection tools were scales of children’s fear scale and shyness scale were Check and Briggs. At first, the pretest was performed on both groups; then the experimental intervention of the stage therapy was performed in a group manner and after the completion of the program, a posttest was performed.Findings: In this study, after collecting data by standardized questionnaires, and using SPSS software version 22, to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. There is a difference between the total scores of childhood fears and shyness in the experimental and control groups (P <0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the total scores of childhood fears and shyness in the experimental group are lower than the total scores of childhood fears and shyness in the control group, which indicates the positive effect of story therapy.Conclusion: Based on the findings, the results showed that storytelling therapy had a positive effect on reduction of childhood and shyness fears in 38 yearold children; the experimental group showed less fear and shyness compared to the control group after hearing children’s stories in the form of treatment. Children in conditions that may nurture fears of new surroundings, strangers, and unknown actions, storytelling can be administered as a distraction from the fears that a child experiences during treatment. The experimental group showed less fear and shyness compared to the control group after hearing children’s stories in the form of treatment. In fact, storytelling prepares children to face different problems and shows them different solutions to their problems. Stories and narratives can deeply affect the souls of children and adolescents and relieve them of the tensions they face in everyday life. Storytelling can also help reduce depression and shyness and hope in children and adolescents. Therefore, it can be said that the function of storytelling is not only to enjoy and increase the imagination and auditory and verbal abilities of the child. Rather, storytelling can be used to convey social concepts as well as reduce shyness and fear. Therefore, it can be said that the total scores of childhood fears and shyness in the experimental group are lower than the total scores of childhood fears and shyness in the control group, which indicates the positive effect of story therapy. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of treatment be used to address parents, counseling centers and psychological services of kindergartens and schools through coordination and matching with the inherent needs and characteristics of children, the limitations of their cognitive, emotional and behavioral functions.Keywords: Storytelling, Childhood fears, Shyness, Children