Dilemma of indiscriminate use of Vena Cava filters

Madam, mechanical interruption of blood flow by femoral vein ligation as a means to protect againstpulmonary embolism (p.e.) was first performed by johnhunter in 1784.mobin-uddin a pakistani vascular surgeon was the first to introduce intra-luminal device in 1967. however, the earlier umbrella devices had a significant thrombosis and migration rate. in 1973, the greenfield filter was introduced which could be inserted percutaneously and have received wide success.