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The aqua-planet experiment (APE): CONTROL SST simulation
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نویسنده
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blackburn m. ,williamson d.l. ,nakajima k. ,ohfuchi w. ,takahashi y.o. ,hayashi y.-y. ,nakamura h. ,ishiwatari m. ,mcgregor j.l. ,borth h. ,wirth v. ,frank h. ,bechtold p. ,wedi n.p. ,tomita h. ,satoh m. ,zhao m. ,held i.m. ,suarez m.j. ,lee m.-i. ,watanabe m. ,kimoto m. ,liu y. ,wang z. ,molod a. ,rajendran k. ,kitoh a. ,stratton r.
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منبع
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journal of the meteorological society of japan - 2013 - دوره : 91 - شماره : 1 A - صفحه:17 -56
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چکیده
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Climate simulations by 16 atmospheric general circulation models (agcms) are compared on an aqua-planet,a water-covered earth with prescribed sea surface temperature varying only in latitude. the idealised configuration is designed to expose differences in the circulation simulated by different models. basic features of the aqua-planet climate are characterised by comparison with earth. the models display a wide range of behaviour. the balanced component of the tropospheric mean flow,and mid-latitude eddy covariances subject to budget constraints,vary relatively little among the models. in contrast,differences in damping in the dynamical core strongly influence transient eddy amplitudes. historical uncertainty in modelled lower stratospheric temperatures persists in ape. aspects of the circulation generated more directly by interactions between the resolved fluid dynamics and parameterized moist processes vary greatly. the tropical hadley circulation forms either a single or double inter-tropical convergence zone (itcz) at the equator,with large variations in mean precipitation. the equatorial wave spectrum shows a wide range of precipitation intensity and propagation characteristics. kelvin mode-like eastward propagation with remarkably constant phase speed dominates in most models. westward propagation,less dispersive than the equatorial rossby modes,dominates in a few models or occurs within an eastward propagating envelope in others. the mean structure of the itcz is related to precipitation variability,consistent with previous studies. the aqua-planet global energy balance is unknown but the models produce a surprisingly large range of top of atmosphere global net flux,dominated by differences in shortwave reflection by clouds. a number of newly developed models,not optimised for earth climate,contribute to this. possible reasons for differences in the optimised models are discussed. the aqua-planet configuration is intended as one component of an experimental hierarchy used to evaluate agcms. this comparison does suggest that the range of model behaviour could be better understood and reduced in conjunction with earth climate simulations. controlled experimentation is required to explore individual model behaviour and investigate convergence of the aqua-planet climate with increasing resolution. © 2013,meteorological society of japan.
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کلیدواژه
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Comparison of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMS); Global energy buget; Idealized model configuration; Precipitation; Tropical wave spectrum
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آدرس
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national centre for atmospheric science,university of reading,reading, United Kingdom, national center for atmospheric research,boulder,co, United States, kyushu university,fukuoka, Japan, japan agency for marine-earth science and technology,yokohama, Japan, center for planetary science,kobe,japan,kobe university,kobe, Japan, center for planetary science,kobe,japan,kobe university,kobe, Japan, research center for advanced science and technology,the university of tokyo,tokyo, Japan, graduate school of science,hokkaido university,sapporo, Japan, csiro marine and atmospheric research,aspendale, Australia, theoretical meteorology,university of hamburg,hamburg, Germany, institute for atmospheric physics,university of mainz,mainz, Germany, research and development,deutscher wetterdienst,offenbach, Germany, european centre for medium-range weather forecasts,reading,berkshire, United Kingdom, european centre for medium-range weather forecasts,reading,berkshire, United Kingdom, advanced institute for computational science,riken,kobe, Japan, atmosphere and ocean research institute,the university of tokyo,kashiwa, Japan, geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory,princeton university,princeton,nj, United States, geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory,princeton university,princeton,nj, United States, global modeling and assimilation office,nasa goddard space flight center,greenbelt,md, United States, ulsan national institute of science and technology,ulsan, South Korea, atmosphere and ocean research institute,the university of tokyo,kashiwa, Japan, atmosphere and ocean research institute,the university of tokyo,kashiwa, Japan, state key laboratory of numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics,institute of atmospheric physics,cas,beijing, China, national climate center,china meteorological administration,beijing, China, global modeling and assimilation office,nasa goddard space flight center,greenbelt,md, United States, center for mathematical modelling and computer simulation,national aerospace laboratories,bangalore, India, meteorological research institute,tsukuba, Japan, met office,exeter, United Kingdom
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Authors
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