Investigation of seed damaging pathogens associated with wheat crop in Bhimber Azad Kashmir,Pakistan and their managements

Mycopathogens were explored from wheat germplasm cultivars from district bhimber of azad kashmir. in this study,10 different seed-borne pathogens were isolated from district of bhimber,azad jammu and kashmir,pakistan. the agar plate method (apm) and towel paper method (tpm) were used for detection of seed borne pathogens. the disease incidence (percentage) and disease severity of fungi varied with respect to type of pathogen and seed sampling sites. kernel bunt caused by tilletia indica showed highest incidence (67.25%) and severity (7.0) on 0-9 rating scale. fusarium graminearum showed the highest infection rate in three sub-divisions of district bhimber as compared to others. the fungal attacking pathogens on wheat crop were control through fungicides treatment and treatments with plant extracts. maximum germination rates were calculated in three sub-divisions of bhimber after treatment of tilt fungicide. as 86% germination rate in samahni,87.5% in bhimber and 84.5% in bernala was calculated. antifungal activity of five plant extracts (acacia nilotica l.,azadirachta indica l. juss.,eucalyptus citriodora hook,ficus bengalensis l. and allium sativum l.) were evaluated in four different solvents. highest minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was calculated of all plants in methanolic extracts. maximum mic (57.38 mcg/ml) exhibited by extracts of acacia nilotica leaves against ten fungi. azadirachta indica extracts in different solvents against wheat-seed fungal pathogens was shown more antimicrobial activity as compared to other four plants. azadirachta indica extract in methanol showed the highest mean of antifungal activity (62.20 mcg/ml) against ten different fungal pathogens. antimicrobial activity (mic) of ficus bengalensis in different solvents against nine wheat-seed fungal pathogens was also investigated. highest mic was measured against b. graminis (57.50 mcg/ml) and s. macrospora (57.00 mcg/ml) by using methanolic extract of ficus bengalensis. allium sativum extracts isolated from methanol solvent showed an excellent antifungal activity (49.57mcg/ml) against ten wheat attacking fungal pathogens. the antifungal activity of eucalyptus citriodora in methanol indicated a better control of different wheat-seed fungal pathogens. © 2017,chemical society of pakistan. all rights reserved.