the impact of retail format diversification on retailers’ financial performance

For retailers, format portfolio management is a core marketing operation, but has received little attention in the marketing literature. this study analyzes the relationship between format diversification and retailer performance in a global setting, where retailers as part of their geographic expansion process often employ format diversification. the dual strategies of geographic diversification and format diversification substantially complicate the diversification-performance relationship. using a six year panel data set for leading global retailers, we find a positive impact for geographic diversification, a negative impact for format diversification and a negative interaction for the dual strategies, supporting a single focus diversification strategy. we further show the consistency of our findings using a series of model robustness checks.