intranasal administration of human adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned media ameliorates cognitive performance in a rat model of alzheimer’s disease

Introduction: alzheimer’s disease (ad) is an age-related disorder, characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function owing to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. this study aimed to investigate how intranasal injection of human adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned media (hadsc-cm) ameliorates cognitive performance and affects the level of estrogen receptor beta (erβ) in the hippocampus of rats in an ad model. methods: a total of 32 male rats were divided into four groups, including the control, ad model, hadsc-cm, and vehicle groups. the morris water maze was used to assess the animals’ behavioral changes. moreover, nissl and thioflavin-s staining were performed to evaluate the histology of the hippocampus. immunohistochemistry was also carried out to evaluate the expression level of erβ. results: the intranasal injection of hadsc-cm improved the rats’ cognitive performance by reducing the number of dark cells and beta-amyloid plaques in the hippocampus in the ad model. besides, the intranasal injection of hadsc-cm increased the level of erβ in this model.conclusion: the present findings indicated that the intranasal injection of hadsc-cm ameliorated cognitive function. amyloid plaques and dark cells also diminished in the ca1 area of the hippocampus. moreover, the expression level of erβ increased. it can be concluded that hadsc-cm has significant treatment benefits for ad in rats.