طبقه‌بندی و مورفومتری سیرک‌های یخچالی ارتفاعات پلوار کرمان در دوره پلیستوسن پسین

شناسایی سیرک های یخچالی علاوه بر اثبات تغییرات اقلیمی گذشته برای شناخت محدودیت ها و پتانسیل های محیطی در برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیطی اهمیت دارند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی، طبقه بندی و آنالیز شاخص های مورفومتری و آلومتری سیرک های یخچالی ارتفاعات پلوار در استان کرمان با استفاده از مدل سازی و روابط ریاضی است. بر اساس تکنیک های ژئوماتیک و روش های جدید تعداد 66 سیرک یخچالی در این ارتفاعات شناسایی و در روی نقشه شیب کلاس بندی شده و مدل رقومی ارتفاعی به دو فرمت خطی و پلیگونی ترسیم شدند. آنگاه با برازش مدل های توانی بر پروفیل طولی سیرک ها به استخراج ضرایب و پارامترهای آماری سیرک های منطقه مبادرت گردید. عملیات رده بندی سیرک ها بر مبنای روش های ویلبورگ و رودبرگ، ایوانس و کوکس انجام پذیرفت. برای مورفومتری این سیرک ها از پارامترهایی چون (l)، (w)، (h)، (l/w)، (l/h)، (w/h) و اندازه سیرک استفاده شده و خصیصه های مورفومتریک آن ها به تفسیر گذاشته شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد در ارتفاعات پلوار تعداد 1 سیرک رده n1، 4 سیرک n2، 13 سیرک n3 و 48 سیرک در رده n4 و n5 موسوم به گروه شبه سیرک وجود دارد. میانگین ضریب b برای سیرک های رده n1،n2 ،n3 برابر با 1.017 است که در سیرک های این رده 1< b است و تا حدودی وضعیت آلومتری برقرار است. میانگین ضریب b برای سیرک های رده n4 و n5 برابر با 0.932 و 1 >b است. ضرایب پایین b برای سیرک های این رده بیانگر رفتار منفی آلومتری، فرسایش اندک یخچالی، عدم تکامل و توسعه سیرک های این رده در این ارتفاعات است

classification and morphometry of glacier cirques of kerman mountain polvar in the late pleistocene

introductionregarding the importance of entrepreneurship especially among rural women and its effects on the economic and social development of today’s societies, explaining the status of entrepreneurial motivation indices (progress) among rural women, as well as identifying factors that can be effective in strengthening these indices, is of great importance. moreover, investigating this subject in villages of kurdistan province as one of the less developed regions of iran considering the economic and employment problems can be regarded as the first stages of study about entrepreneurship; because understanding the status of progress motivation and its affecting factors among rural women entrepreneurs in the area under study can help rural development in different dimensions. therefore, considering the above cases and in line with entrepreneurship development among rural women of kurdistan province, the aim of this study is the analysis of affecting factors on entrepreneurial motivation (progress) among rural women of kurdistan province; in this regard the present study faces with the following fundamental questions: 1- what factors affect entrepreneurial motivation (progress) among women living in rural areas of kurdistan province? 2- how effective are each of the determining factors of the entrepreneurial motivation index (progress) among women living in rural areas of kurdistan province? key words: need achievement, women entrepreneurs; rural women; rural entrepreneurship; kurdistan province materials in this study, for collecting literature of the subject and review of literature, library studies, articles and the studies related to the subject of the study were used and for the other part of the required information, questionnaire and field study has been used. validity of the research instrument were evaluated and confirmed as convergent by consulting experts and university professors (face validity). for measuring the reliability, combined reliability coefficients (more than 7/0) and cronbach’s alpha (more than 7/0) were used, and if these coefficients are appropriate, then the research tool is reliable. the statistical population of this study were all women entrepreneurs living in rural areas of kurdistan province (sanandaj, marivan, saqez and baneh). the studied sample were determined considering the existing limitations and using bartlett et al. (2001) table; 100 women (women entrepreneurs) by using a random stratified sampling method and appropriate assignment among the considered women entrepreneurs were selected and the necessary information was collected. methodthe present research is considered as an applied research in terms of its purpose. on the other hand, according to the data collection method, this research is classified as descriptive (non-experimental) research among the various methods of descriptive research, the method of this research is a type of correlation research that is specifically based on the structural equation model. in this study, both descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation analysis, regression, and structural equation model) were used to analyze the data. in this regard, in order to increase the accuracy of data analysis, related softwares such as spss and smart pls have been used. discussion about results and conclusionin the structural model of this study, economic conditions, improvement of the efficient social communication, extension training programs, policies and desirable supportive rules, infrastructure and geographical capabilities of the region and technological accessibility were confirmed as the determining factors of the emergence of progress motivation among the rural women entrepreneurs. it should be noted that the role of technological accessibility is superior to other determinants and had a stronger effect (426/0). this indicates that accessibility to new technologies factor such as internet, in addition to familiarizing the entrepreneur individual to the advances made in the context of his/her desired idea, can easily communicate with experts, consultants and specialists more easily and solve their problems easier and faster and transfer the considered information fast. the results are consistent with the results of the studies of golrd (2005), jamshidi et al. (2013), hosseini nia et al. (2014) and roomi and parut (2008).making and presenting radio, television and internet programs about training entrepreneurial skills, establishing the extension entrepreneurial associations in rural areas and conducting technical and professional training and skill training in villages are among the important issues in the field of extension training programs affecting the creation of progress motivation among the studied rural women entrepreneurs. in other words, through these factors training skills and more specialized skills can be seen among the people of a society. the studied individuals stated that if conducting training classes on different parts of entrepreneurial field (skill training, idea training, marketing, sales, psychology of work and etc.) many of their problems will be resolved, in other words, the basis for supporting individuals will be provided and as a result their motivation will increase to continue work and its development. also, economic conditions were another determining factor that in this study its relation with progress motivation of the studied rural women entrepreneurs is confirmed with structural model. in this context, important cases such as ease of collateral condition and valid surety to access bank facilities, access to appropriate market for selling products and access to financial resources for the considered business can be mentioned. in this context, it can be said that one of the most important affecting factors on creating and developing every new business is the financial factor and then the financial facilities (loan) that can be received in that field. access to these cases will have a significant impact on motivation for start, creation and development of the considered business by the rural women entrepreneurs, and in other words, their motivation for progress. therefore, in order to emerge and increase the motivation of progress among rural women entrepreneurs in the studied regions, it is suggested to consider special facilities for women entrepreneur to create and develop a business. also, by determining selling market for the products of individual’s business and eliminating intermediaries and brokers and earning real profits by the entrepreneurs, it would be possible to see the multiplied increase in the individuals’ motivation.