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Endotoxin-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in the HIV-1 transgenic rat
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نویسنده
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homji n.f. ,mao x. ,langsdorf e.f. ,chang s.l.
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منبع
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journal of neuroinflammation - 2012 - دوره : 9 - شماره : 0
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چکیده
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Background: repeated exposure to a low dose of a bacterial endotoxin such as lipopolysaccharide (lps) causes immune cells to become refractory to a subsequent endotoxin challenge,a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance (et). during et,there is an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production,leading to a dysregulated immune response. hiv-1 viral proteins are known to have an adverse effect on the immune system. however,the effects of hiv-1 viral proteins during et have not been investigated.methods: in this study,hiv-1 transgenic (hiv-1tg) rats and control f344 rats (n = 12 ea) were randomly treated with 2 non-pyrogenic doses of lps (ll) to induce et,or saline (ss),followed by a high challenge dose of lps (ll+l,ss+l) or saline (ll+s,ss+s). the gene expression of 84 cytokines,chemokines,and their receptors in the brain and spleen was examined by relative quantitative pcr using a pcr array,and protein levels in the brain,spleen,and serum of 7 of these 84 genes was determined using an electrochemiluminescent assay.results: in the spleen,there was an increase in key pro-inflammatory (il1α,il-1β,ifn-γ) and anti-inflammatory (il-10) cytokines,and inflammatory chemokines (ccl2,ccl7,and ccl9,) in response to lps in the ss+l and ll+l (et) groups of both the hiv-1tg and f344 rats,but was greater in the hiv-1tg rats than in the f344. in the et hiv-1tg and f344 (ll+l) rats in the spleen,the lps-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was diminished and that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine was enhanced compared to the ss+l group rats. in the brain,il-1β,as well as the ccl2,ccl3,and ccl7 chemokines were increased to a greater extent in the hiv-1tg rats compared to the f344; whereas cxcl1,cxcl10,and cxcl11 were increased to a greater extent in the f344 rats compared to the hiv-1tg rats in the ll+l and ss+l groups.conclusion: our data indicate that the continuous presence of hiv-1 viral proteins can have tissue-dependent effects on endotoxin-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in the et state. © 2012 homji et al; licensee biomed central ltd.
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کلیدواژه
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Chemokines; Cytokines; Endotoxin tolerance; HIV-1 transgenic rat
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آدرس
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institute of neuroimmune pharmacology,seton hall university,south orange,nj,07079, United States, institute of neuroimmune pharmacology,seton hall university,south orange,nj,07079, United States, institute of neuroimmune pharmacology,seton hall university,south orange,nj,07079, United States, institute of neuroimmune pharmacology,seton hall university,south orange,nj,07079,united states,department of biological science,seton hall university,south orange,nj,07079, United States
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Authors
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