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Recurrent/moderate hypoglycemia induces hippocampal dendritic injury,microglial activation,and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats
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نویسنده
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won s.j. ,yoo b.h. ,kauppinen t.m. ,choi b.y. ,kim j.h. ,jang b.g. ,lee m.w. ,sohn m. ,liu j. ,swanson r.a. ,suh s.w.
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منبع
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journal of neuroinflammation - 2012 - دوره : 9 - شماره : 0
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چکیده
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Background: recurrent/moderate (r/m) hypoglycemia is common in type 1 diabetes. although mild or moderate hypoglycemia is not life-threatening,if recurrent,it may cause cognitive impairment. in the present study,we sought to determine whether r/m hypoglycemia leads to neuronal death,dendritic injury,or cognitive impairment.methods: the experiments were conducted in normal and in diabetic rats. rats were subjected to moderate hypoglycemia by insulin without anesthesia. oxidative stress was evaluated by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal immunostaining and neuronal death was determined by fluoro-jade b staining 7 days after r/m hypoglycemia. to test whether oxidative injury caused by nadph oxidase activation,an nadph oxidase inhibitor,apocynin,was used. cognitive function was assessed by barnes maze and open field tests at 6 weeks after r/m hypoglycemia.results: the present study found that oxidative injury was detected in the dendritic area of the hippocampus after r/m hypoglycemia. sparse neuronal death was found in the cortex,but no neuronal death was detected in the hippocampus. significant cognitive impairment and thinning of the ca1 dendritic region was detected 6 weeks after hypoglycemia. oxidative injury,cognitive impairment,and hippocampal thinning after r/m hypoglycemia were more severe in diabetic rats than in non-diabetic rats. oxidative damage in the hippocampal ca1 dendritic area and microglial activation were reduced by the nadph oxidase inhibitor,apocynin.conclusion: the present study suggests that oxidative injury of the hippocampal ca1 dendritic region by r/m hypoglycemia is associated with chronic cognitive impairment in diabetic patients. the present study further suggests that nadph oxidase inhibition may prevent r/m hypoglycemia-induced hippocampal dendritic injury. © 2012 won et al.; licensee biomed central ltd.
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کلیدواژه
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Apocynin; Dendrite; Lipid peroxidation; Microglial activation; NADPH oxidase; Neuron death; Recurrent/moderate hypoglycemia; Superoxide
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آدرس
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department of neurology,university of california at san francisco,veterans affairs medical center,san francisco,ca, United States, department of neurology,university of california at san francisco,veterans affairs medical center,san francisco,ca,united states,department of anesthesiology,inje paik hospital,inje university,school of medicine,seoul, South Korea, department of neurology,university of california at san francisco,veterans affairs medical center,san francisco,ca, United States, department of physiology,hallym university,college of medicine,chuncheon,200-702, South Korea, department of physiology,hallym university,college of medicine,chuncheon,200-702, South Korea, department of physiology,hallym university,college of medicine,chuncheon,200-702, South Korea, department of physiology,hallym university,college of medicine,chuncheon,200-702, South Korea, inha university,department of nursing,incheon, South Korea, department of neurosurgery,university of california san francisco,veterans affairs medical center,san francisco,ca, United States, department of neurology,university of california at san francisco,veterans affairs medical center,san francisco,ca, United States, department of neurology,university of california at san francisco,veterans affairs medical center,san francisco,ca,united states,department of physiology,hallym university,college of medicine,chuncheon,200-702, South Korea
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Authors
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