Mortality among infants with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases with major surgery and with pulmonary hypertension

Objective:to assess whether mortality in patients with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd, defined as ⩾28 days of oxygen exposure with lung disease) is independently associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) and surgery.study design:single institution retrospective birth cohort of preterm infants with gestational age (ga) 230/7 to 366/7 weeks, and evolving bpd delivered between 2001 and 2014. surgery was classified as minor or major using published criteria. mortality was analyzed by stepwise logistic regression analysis.results:among 577 patients with evolving bpd, 33 (6%) died prior to discharge. mortality decreased with ga (adjusted odds ratio (aor): 0.69; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.55, 0.87), birth weight z-score (aor: 0.69, 95% ci: 0.47, 0.996) and increased with pah (aor: 30, 95% ci: 2.1, 415), major surgery (aor; 2.8, 95% ci: 1.3, 6.3), and pah and surgery (aor: 10.3, 95% ci: 2.5, 42.1).conclusion:among preterm patients with evolving bpd, pah and surgery are independently associated with mortality.