Regulation of IL-1 signaling by the decoy receptor IL-1R2

The pleiotropic cytokine il-1 mediates its biological functions via association with the signaling receptor il-1r1. despite an apparent simplicity in il-1 signaling activation, multiple negative regulators have been identified. the decoy receptor il-1r2 (also known as cd121b) can suppress il-1 maturation, sequester its active forms or hinder the signaling complex assembly. il-1r2 is differentially expressed among numerous cell types and displays cis- and trans- modes of action. in this review, we link different forms of il-1r2 (membrane-bound (mil-1r2), secreted (sil-1r2), shedded (shil-1r2), cytoplasmic, and intracellular domain (il-1r2icd) restricted) with their ability to interfere with il-1, thereby regulating immune responses. we also discuss the intriguing possible function of il-1r2 as a transcriptional regulator. finally, we summarize the known impact of il-1r2 in disease pathogenesis and discuss its potential role in treatment of inflammatory conditions.