ارزیابی برهمکنش ژنوتیپ و محیط بر عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌های باقلا (.vicia faba l) با استفاده از روش ggeبای‌پلات

این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی پایداری عملکرد دانه و برهمکنش ژنوتیپ و محیط بر عملکرد دانه لاین‌های امیدبخش باقلا، 11 لاین امید بخش همراه با چهار رقم فیض، شادان، مهتا و برکت (شاهد)، در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در چهار ایستگاه تحقیقاتی (گرگان، دزفول، بروجرد و ایرانشهر) به مدت دو سال زراعی (1399-1397) انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر محیط، ژنوتیپ و برهمکنش ژنوتیپ و محیط به‌ترتیب با سهم 60/07، 19/8و 20/07 درصد از تنوع کل عملکرد دانه، معنی‌دار بودند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه ‌gge بای‌پلات دو مولفه اصلی اول (ژنوتیپ) و دوم (برهمکنش ژنوتیپ و محیط) در مجموع 5/76 درصد از تغییرات کل را توجیه کردند. بر اساس نمودار چند ضلعی، دو محیط کلان و ژنوتیپ‌های سازگار برای هر محیط شناسایی شدند. براساس نزدیکی به مبدا بای‌پلات، ژنوتیپ‌های g1، g3، g4 و g14 دارای پایداری عمومی بالا شناخته شدند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل gei و ‌gge بای‌پلات، محیط‌ گرگان در هر دو سال آزمایش از قدرت تفکیک بالایی برخوردار بود و به‌عنوان مکان مناسب برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر باقلا شناخته شد. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه بای‌پلات ژنوتیپ g6  (barkat×new mammoth) در همه محیط‌ها از لحاظ عملکرد و پایداری نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها برتر بود. ژنوتیپ‌های g10 (hbp/soe/99)، g9 (ilb1266)، g2 (barkat×ilb 5284) و g4 (barkat×giza blanka)، علاوه بر پایداری عملکرد، دارای عملکرد دانه بالاتر از ارقام شاهد بودند و بنابراین برای استفاده در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی و در ادامه برای توسعه کشت باقلا در مناطق هدف مناسب شناخته شدند. 

evaluation of genotype × environment interaction on seed yield of faba bean (vicia faba l.) genotypes using gge biplot method

introduction: faba bean (vicia faba l.) is a cool‐season and annual seed legume crop used as an important cheap plant protein source for human food (green or dried, fresh or canned) and livestock feed. it is a very valuable legume crop that contributes to the sustainability of cropping systems with ability of biological nitrogen fixation. the aim of this study was to determine genotype × environment interaction on seed yield and to identify high yielding with yield stability of faba bean genotypes adapted to target environments.materials and methods: seed yield and yield stability as well as adaptability of 15 faba bean promising lines were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications in four agricultural research field stations of gorgan, dezful, brojerd and iranshahr in iran in 2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping seasons. plant height and branch number.plant-1 in each plot was measured before harvesting. plots were harvested by hand at harvest maturity stage and seed number.pod-1, number of pod.plant-1, hundred seed weight and seed yield were measured. data were analyzed using sas software and the means were compared using lsd test. gge-biplot was used to analyse genotype × environment interaction and yield stability of faba bean genotypes. results: combined analysis of variance showed that environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction (gei) were significant with contribution 60.07%, 19.8% and 20.07% to the total variation of seed yield, respectively. yiled stability 15 faba bean genotypes was stdied using gge biplot method across eight environments. gge biplot analysis using a genotype × environment interaction (gei) model explained 76.5% of the total variation. gge biplot components pc1 and pc2 explained 58.7% and 17.8% of the total variation, respectively. the gge biplot analysis of the tested environments and genotypes revealed that the eight test environments comprised two mega environments and the adapted genotypes were determined for each mega-environment. in gorgan, g10, g12, g13 and g3 genotypes were adapted, and in the second mega-environment, g6 genotype was adapted. the genotypes g6, g10, g7 and g9 with average seed yield of 2905, 2715, 2607 and 2552 kg.ha-1 had higher seed yield and yield stability, respectively. based on gei and gge biplot analysis, gorgan experimental environments had good discrimination ability. the polygon view of biplot indicated genotypes; g1, g3, g4 and g14 were adapted to the tested environments according to the closest distance from biplot origin. the simultaneous study of the effect of genotype and ge interaction by average tester coordinate view of biplot illustrated that genotypes; g6, g10, g7, g9 and g4, in addition to high seed yield had also higher yield stability compared with other genotypes. ideal genotype view of biplot indicated that g6 and g10 were the closest genotypes to the ideal genotype and identified as the most desirable genotypes. conclusion: based on the gge biplot analyses, the g6 (barkat × new mammoth) genotype with high seed yield and yield satbilty across all environments. also g9 (ilb1266), g2 (barkat × ilb 5284) and g4 (barkat × giza blanka) genotypes had significantly higher seed yield and yield stability compared to control cv. barakat (g11), g12 (feyz), g13 (shadan) and g14 (mahta).