the role of parent-child relationship, attachment styles, and family performance in the formation of gender dysphoria

Introduction: parentchild relationship problems, attachment styles, and inefficient family performances, all items have been considered as key components of psychological disorders in several psychopathology models. the present study aimed to assess the role of parentchild relationship and attachment styles as mental and emotional factors, and the role of family performance as a family factor in the occurrence of gender dysphoria. materials and methods: the statistical population of this study includes all individuals suffer from gender dysphoria, who referred to the department of forensic medicine khorasan razavi to proceed the legal process of gender reassignment during 20142016. in total, 101 individuals (51 female and 50 male), who suffered from gender dysphoria, were selected through convenience sampling. written informed consents were obtained from the subjects, who completed the questionnaires related to parentchild relationship, attachment styles, and family performance. data analysis was performed on spss version 21 using regression analysis. results: according to the results obtained from simultaneous regression analysis, the most important components in parentchild relationship are replication (p<0.01) and role confusion/ disturbance (p<0.000), in attachment styles, avoidant insecure attachment style (p<0.000) is the important factor, and in family performance, communication (p<0.01), emotional bonding (p<0.01), problem solving (p<0.03), and total performance of family (p<0.03) are the most important components, which are capable of predicting gender dysphoria.  conclusion: based on the findings, it seems that the concurrent role of mental, emotional, and family factors are significant in formation of gender dysphoria.