recent progress in nanoparticle-driven drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy: focus on colorectal cancer

Context: nanotechnology, specifically nanoparticles, has revolutionized cancer therapy through enhanced drug delivery, precise imaging, and accurate diagnosis. their ability to target cancer cells directly with minimal side effects makes them especially promising for treating colorectal cancer (crc), allowing for more effective treatments. methods: a systematic literature review was conducted across multiple databases (pubmed, scopus, embase, cochrane, web of science, google scholar) using mesh terms such as nanoparticles, cancer, drug delivery, and target cells. the objectives of this review were to examine the effectiveness of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, evaluate their targeting mechanisms, and assess their impact on treatment outcomes for crc. study eligibility, participant inclusion criteria, and specific intervention types were critically analyzed to ensure a comprehensive understanding. results: nanoparticle-based systems have demonstrated significant promise in shrinking tumors, improving drug accumulation at the tumor site, and facilitating easier surgical removal. these systems enhance drug efficacy, reduce toxicity, and overcome biological barriers in crc, particularly through the use of ph-responsive and thermoresponsive nanoparticles. conclusions: the application of nanoparticles for drug delivery represents a safe and effective treatment option, demonstrating improved targeting, reduced side effects, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. however, further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, and scalability of these systems, alongside their optimization for clinical use in personalized treatments.