کربوکسی متیلاسیون صمغ کندرو بررسی گرانروی و شاخص‌های رنگ‌سنجی

ﮐﻨﺪر ﯾﮏ ﺻﻤﻎ رزﯾﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺲ boswellia ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻨﺪر ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و داروﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﺰار ﺳﺎل ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد وﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﻓﻘﻂ 35-27% از آن ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در آب ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺨﺶ اﻋﻈﻢ ﺻﻤﻎ ﮐﻨﺪر، در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺻﻼح ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ x1 naoh ، دﻣﺎی واﮐﻨﺶ x2 ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻨﻮﮐﻠﺮواﺳﺘﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ1 x3 mca ﺑﺮروی اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﺻﻤﻎ ﮐﻨﺪر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزی اﺻﻼح ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻤﻎ ﮐﻨﺪر ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان درﺻﺪ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ%85,49 ﺑﻮد. ﻟﺬا ﻏﻠﻈﺖ mca naoh ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0,048 ، 0,016 ﻣﻮل و دﻣﺎ 75 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﯿﺴﯿﻮس ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزی اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. در ﺿﻤﻦ، ﮔﺮاﻧﺮوی ذاﺗﯽ و وزن ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺻﻤﻎ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺻﻤﻎ اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﻦ وﯾﺴﮑﻮزﯾﺘﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮی ﺻﻤﻎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ 0/726 mpa.s ± 18/02 و اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه mpa.s 0/681 ± 17/36 ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد 05.p<0 . ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻤﻎ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﯽ رﻗﯿﻖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن داده و رﻓﺘﺎر آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﻮدوﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. آزﻣﻮن رﻧﮓ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار image j حاکی از آن بود که کربوکسی متیلاسیون صمغ کندر منجر به تغییرات معنی داری p <0.05 در فاکتور اختلاف رنگی کل δe و مقادیر شاخص روشنایی wi ، فاکتور روشنی l*، فاکتور قرمزی- سبزی a* و فاکتور زردی- آبی b* شده است.

carboxymethylation of frankincense gum and investigation of viscosity and colorimetric indices

frankincense is a resinous gum obtained from some species of the boswellia genus. the use of frankincense for food and medicinal uses dates back to more than five thousand years ago, but despite its importance and application, only 27-35% of it is soluble in water. as most frankincense gum is insoluble, this research used the response surface method to study the effect of different chemical modification conditions naoh concentrations x1 , reaction temperatures x2 , and mca concentrations x3 on increasing the solubility percentage. the results of the optimization process of the chemical modification of frankincense gum indicate that the conditions of maximum solubility are equal to 85.49, with a desirability rate of 0.97. therefore, the concentration of naoh and mca equal to 0.048, 0.01 mol, and a temperature of 75 degrees celsius chose as the best optimization conditions. in addition, the intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight of the native gum were higher than the modified gum under optimal conditions. there is a significant difference between the apparent viscosity of natural gum 18.02 ± 0.726 mpa.s and modified 17.36 ± 0.681 mpa.s p>0.05 . the results indicate that native and modified gum in optimal conditions show a shear thinning behavior with increasing shear rate, and their behavior is similar to pseudoplastic. the colorimetric test with image j software indicated that carboxymethylation of frankincense gum led to significant changes p < 0.05 in the total color difference factor δe and whiteness index wi , l*, a*, and b*factor.