Restoring host-microbe homeostasis via selective chemoattraction of tregs

The disruption of host-microbe homeostasis at the site of periodontal disease is considered a key factor for disease initiation and progress. while the downstream mechanisms responsible for the tissue damage per se are relatively well-known (involving various patterns of immune response operating toward periodontal tissue destruction),we are only beginning to understand the complexity of host-microbe interactions in the periodontal environment. unfortunately,most of the research has been focused on the disruption of host-microbe homeostasis instead of focusing on the factors responsible for maintaining homeostasis. in this context,regulatory t-cells (tregs) comprise a cd4+foxp3 +t-cell subset with a unique ability to regulate other leukocyte functions to avoid excessive immune activation and its pathological consequences. tregs act as critical determinants of host-microbe homeostasis,as well as determinants of a balanced host response after the disruption of host-microbe homeostasis by pathogens. in periodontitis,tregs play a protective role,with their natural recruitment being responsible for conversion of active into inactive lesions. with controlled-release technology,it is now possible to achieve a selective chemoattraction of tregs to periodontal tissues,attenuating experimental periodontitis evolution due to the local control of inflammatory immune response and the generation of a pro-reparative environment. © international & american associations for dental research.