The role of VDR polymorphisms in CaOx kidney stone formation [CaOx böbrek taşi{dotless} oluşumunda VDR polimorfizmlerinin rolü]

Kidney stone formation has a multifactorial pathology involving the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. there is increased risk of stone formation in the relatives of idiopathic stone patients,which can be explained up to 60% by genetic factors. 30-60% of the patients with calcium oxalate (caox) stones are proved to have hypercalciuria. the most important factor in the active calcium absorption is 1,25-dihidroxy vitamin d,which is also known as calcitriol. calcitriol has indirect effects on bone and kidney in addition to its role in intestinal calcium absorption. therefore vitamin d has a central role in the control of endocrine system,bone and calcium homeostasis. calcitriol mediates its genomic activities via vitamin d receptor (vdr). there are lots of polymorphisms identified in the vdr locus,the most widely studied ones are apai,ecorv,bsmi,taqi,foki and tru9i. there are ethnic variations in the distribution of vdr polymorphisms. the outcomes of the ethnic variations are not easy to understand due to differences in dietary habits and environmental factors among ethnic groups. in addition to that,there are different genetic backgrounds on which vdr polymorphisms interact with each other and with variants of other genes. therefore it is important to identify the haplotype stuructures of vdr polymorphisms in different ethnic groups.