Polymorphisms in the xenobiotic genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer [Ksenobiyotik genlerdeki polimorfizmler ve mesane kanserine yatki{dotless}nli{dotless}k]

It is thought that the interaction between genetic and environmental factors accounts for the different levels of susceptibilities to the development of bladder cancer. the well known etiological risk factors of bladder cancer are occupational exposure to certain carcinogens and cigarette smoking. therefore,polymorphisms in the genes coding for the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes may cause individual variations in metabolizing the exposed carcinogens. here we aimed to review the metabolising genes and respective polymorphisms and to demonstrate the association between xenobiotic-metabolising gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer. among metabolizing enzymes,we will introduce n-acetyltransferases (nat),glutathione-s-transferases (gst),sulphotransferases (sult),nad(p)h dehydrogenase quinone 1 (nqo1),methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mtfr),cytochrome p-450 (cyp) and aldo-ketoreductases (akr) with special emphasis on the last two enzyme group.