مقایسه خودانگیختگی از دیدگاه قرآن و روانشناسی

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻧﮕﯿﺰش دروﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺧﻮداﻧﮕﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻄﺮت در ﺟﻬﺖ رﺷﺪ، ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. وﻗﺘﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دروﻧﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ و ﻟﺬﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶ دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎص ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺧﻮداﻧﮕﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻗﺮآن و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮای اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای در ﺳﺎل1399 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺎوره ای ﻗﺮآن ﭘﮋوﻫﺎن و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: اﻧﮕﯿﺰش دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﻓﺮد زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺧﻼق ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﺣﺴﺎس ﮐﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ، ﺧﺸﻨﻮدی، رﺿﺎﯾﺖ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺧﻮد ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دارد ﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﯾﺪه آل و ﭘﯿﺸﺮو ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ای اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آن اﻓﺮاد در ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ دارای اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﻫﺎی دروﻧﯽ ﺑﺮای اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮداﻧﮕﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ در اﻓﺮاد روﺷﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی : ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﺣﻮزه ﻗﺮآن و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش دروﻧﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ، ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ در ﺣﻮزه رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺎدی و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎی ﺑﺤﺚ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﻮداﻧﮕﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎی اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ؛ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش، اﻧﮕﯿﺰه، ﻧﯿﺎز، ﻣﺤﺮک و ﻫﺪف ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ

Comparison of Spontaneity from the Perspective of Quran and Psychology

Background & aim: Intrinsic motivation or spontaneity arises from psychological needs and instinctual efforts to grow. When people are internally motivated, they engage in specific activities and act on that motivation because of the interest and pleasure they derive from their inner challenge. Therefore, the purpose of the present determination and comparison was spontaneity from the perspective of the Qur'an and psychology. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted by library method in 2020. The present study used the perspectives of Quranic scholars and psychologists to apply and compile the topics. Reasult: Intrinsic motivation increases creativity. A person becomes very creative when he feels that he is tasked mainly by his own interest, satisfaction, satisfaction, and challenge, not by external pressures. Since the ideal and progressive society is a society in which people in any position have internal motivations to perform their responsibilities, the importance of paying attention to spontaneity in individuals becomes clear. Conclusion: The results and findings indicated that both the field of Quran and psychology emphasize intrinsic motivation. Though in the field of psychology, material and physiological factors and measurable indicators are the basis of motivation. In psychology, the concept of spontaneity in the form of specific concepts and structures such as; Motivation, motivation, need, stimulus and purpose are used.