نقد و بررسی کتاب ارزیابی الگوهای سیاست خارجی ایران بین دو انقلاب، با معرفی سیاست خارجی ملهم از جامعه‌شناسی تاریخی

ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺻﻠﯽ آن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ورود ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ و »ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺷﺪنِ« ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ دوﻟﺖ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮ ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ای در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ، رﻓﺘﺎر آن را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮد، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺮدﯾﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، زﯾﺮا اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺑﻪ روﻧﺪﻫﺎی ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ای ﮐﻪ دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺶ/ واﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪ را ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻧﻤﯽ دادﻧﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط، ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﯿﻦ دو اﻧﻘﻼب: از اﻧﻘﻼب ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻮدﺗﺎی 28 ﻣﺮداد، ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻒ روح اﷲ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و دﯾﺎﻟﮑﺘﯿﮏ آرﻣﺎن ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن و واﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان از ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺗﺎ واﻗﻌﮥ 28 ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از اﯾﻦ دﯾﺎﻟﮑﺘﯿﮏ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﻈﺮی، روش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﺛﺮ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ اﯾﺪه‌ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ و ﻗﻮت ﮐﺘﺎب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪی ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ، و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﯾﺎ رو ﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﺑﺪﯾﻠﯽ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﻫﺎی روﯾﮑﺮد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪ . ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺛﺒﺎت ﮔﺮا و آرﻣﺎن ﮔﺮا ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ذات ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﺧﺪادﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻧﻮآوری ﮐﺘﺎب اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﯿﺎ ﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ دو روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ واﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺳﺎزه اﻧﮕﺎری، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ دارا ﺑﻮدن ﻧﻘﺼﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪ، ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ زواﯾﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان را ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، وروش ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺎی اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ.

a critique on the book “assessment of iran`s foreign policy patterns between two revolutions” by introduce historical sociology of foreign policy

foreign policy as a field of study of international relations is usually analyzed from this point of view. however, with the entry of historical sociology into international relations and the multifactoring of events, analytics that considered the state as a general and integrated actor whose behavior is determined by systemic elements were doubted, because these theories did not explain the historical and complex trends that states act/react at the system. in this connection, the book “assessment of iran`s foreign policy patterns between two revolutions: from constitutional revolution to the 1953 coup d'état (vol 1)” by ruhollah eslami has studied the patterns of iran's foreign policy from the constitution to the coup d'état of august 28, from the perspective of political thought and the idealism dialectic due to the political thought of iranians and the atmosphere of domestic politics and forces and realism dominate to the international environment and the behavior of transnational actors, affected by this dialectic. the objective of this paper is to critique the theoretical, methodological and historical dimensions and want to show the innovative aspect of the mentioned book. the main question,what are the strengths and weaknesses of the islamic book in analyzing iran's foreign policy in a historical process? and what approach can be proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the islamic approach? it seems that using positivist and idealist ontology and epistemology will lead to essentialism in the analysis of socio-political events. the approaches that emphasize the mixed method and confluence, consider various variables in the historical process are a solution to solve the shortcomings of the main currents. conclusion is that the novelty of the book is that it has analyzed the foreign policy of iran by using the components of ancient iranian political thought, but by using two research methods, realism and constructivism, due to its shortcomings, he has not been able to analyze the different dimensions of iran's foreign policy. since the approach of this research is to use historical sociology of foreign policy, the research method is to use qualitative and historical analysis. the method of collecting information is library resources and internet sites.