Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Some Immunological and Hematological Parameters in Male Smokers in Erbil City

The present study was done to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking (cs) on some immunological and hematological parameters in erbil city. the study is carried out on fifty male smokers, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least10 years. depending on the age of the smokers, they were divided into two groups. the first group includes smokers with age range between 25-35 years, and the second group includes smokers with age range between 36-45 years. two control (non-smokers) groups were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison. the results of the study revealed a significant increase of interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) level in both age groups when compared with their controls. a significant decrease of the total immunoglobulin a (iga) level was recorded in both age groups when compared with their control. furthermore the level of malondialdehyde (mda) which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation (lpo) and oxidative stress significantly increased in cigarette smokers in both age groups when compared with control groups. while the level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (ca 19-9 ag) increased in the age group 25-35 years, but this increase is not significant when compared with its control group; the level of ca 19-9 ag significantly increased in age group 36-45 years when compared with its control group. moreover the results revealed a significant increase in the total white blood cells (wbc), neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte count in both age groups when compared with their control groups. however, the basophil in the first group (25-35 years), the increase was not significant. while the number of platelets count did not statistically change in both age groups