فراتحلیل نیازها و اولویت‌های زندگی زنان سرپرست خانوار با رویکرد جامعه‌شناختی

مقدمه: افزایش چشمگیر زنان سرپرست خانوار و مسائل و مشکلات مرتبط با تعاملات اجتماعی و امرارمعاش، یکی از تحولات نهاد خانواده و جامعه کنونی ایران محسوب می‌شود. تحقیق حاضر با تمرکز بر ترکیب و مقایسه نتایج و یافته‌های مجزای تحقیق‌های انجام‌شده، اولویت‌ها و نیازهای زندگی زنان سرپرست خانوار را موردمطالعه قرار داده است.روش: این تحقیق با روش‌های مطالعه اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای، مرور نظام‌مند و فراتحلیل کمی انجام شده است. مطالعه اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای برای بررسی متون و نظریه‌ها و مرور نظام‌مند و فراتحلیل کمی برای بررسی و شناخت ماهیت تحقیق‌های پیشین بکار رفته است. مقاله‌های علمیتحقیقی و پایان‌نامه‌های تحصیلات تکمیلی منتشرشده در بازه زمانی 1380 تا 1395 با موضوع زنان سرپرست خانوار، جامعه آماری را تشکیل داده‌اند.یافته‌ها: یافته‌های حاصل از این تحقیق در پنج مقوله اصلی مربوط به سال انجام تحقیق‌ها، بیان مسئله، چارچوب نظری، روش‌شناسی استفاده شده در هر تحقیق و نهایتاً یافته‌های کلیدی حاصل از تحقیق‌های مرور شده دسته‌بندی شدند. از یافته‌های کلیدی، سه یافته با عناوین تاثیر مثبت حمایت اجتماعی بر سلامت اجتماعی، توانمندسازی و کیفیت زندگی زنان سرپرست خانوار استخراج گردید.بحث: اتخاذ دیدگاه جامعه‌شناختی و داشتن رویکرد اجتماعی به مسائل زنان سرپرست خانوار و افزایش حمایت اجتماعی از این گروه از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. عمدتاً مسئله اصلی زنان سرپرست خانوار را نداشتن شغل و درآمد کافی می‌دانند، هرچند این متغیر یکی از عوامل مهم است، اما برخورداری از حمایت اجتماعی بر توانمند نمودن زنان سرپرست خانوار مهم‌تر است، زنانی که توانمند باشند امکان دستیابی به شغل و درآمد مناسب را نیز خواهند داشت. از سوی دیگر مشارکت اجتماعی، احساس تعلق به جامعه، نداشتن مشکلات عاطفی و روانی از مواردی است که با برخورداری از حمایت اجتماعی حاصل می‌گردد. کیفیت زندگی زنان سرپرست خانوار متاثر از برخورداری ایشان از حمایت اجتماعی است. می‌توان حمایت اجتماعی را متغیری دانست که دارای تاثیرات چندگانه بر مشکلات زنان سرپرست خانوار است.

A Meta-Analysis of the Needs and Priorities of Life for Women-Headed Households with a Sociological Approach

Extended AbstractIntroduction: The dramatic increase in femaleheaded households and issues related to social interaction and livelihoods is one of the transformations of the current Iranian family and community.According to the Census Bureau of Iran, the proportion of femaleheaded households to total households per year is 12.7%. The average growth rate of maleheaded households over the threeyear period was three percent, while that of femaleheaded households was four percent] (1335 1396). The present study focuses on combining and comparing the results and findings of separate research studies, examining the priorities and needs of that women heading the households.Method: This study was conducted using three methods of documentary and library study, systematic review, and quantitative metaanalysis. A systematic review was used to study research studies on the topic of femaleheaded households and to understand the nature of the previous research in this area. Then the researchers came up with possible to hypotheses and applied quantitative methods and metaanalysis method to conduct research analysis and test the hypotheses. Systematic review was performed using qualitative data analysis software and quantitative metaanalysis was also performed using a specific software. In this study, the research studies conducted including the term ldquo;femaleheaded households rdquo;from 1380 to 1395, were selected and analyzed. in particular, scientific research papers or postgraduate theses at universities were analyzed.. In terms of scope, the present study was conducted nationally, and the subject area of this research wew sociological issues related to womenheaded households. In the current study, most of the documentation was done without sampling, and only universitybased screening, the scientific degree, and the topic of ldquo;issues of womenheaded households in Iran rdquo; were examined.Findings: From the expression of various problems, four cases were studied: social and cultural issues of women headed households, economic and occupational issues of WomenHeaded Households, and empowering womenhead Households. In terms of the effectiveness of measures, They were more important and repotted more than other cases. Among the theories stated, the lsquo;feminization of poverty lsquo; lsquo;empowerment theory rsquo; , and the theory of lsquo;social support rsquo; theory were the most popular theories employed in the research studies, in other words, these were the most prominent areas. Due to the dominance of the quantitative research paradigm, the survey method was the template method in the research and then the qualitative methods and the secondary analysis were used. Findings indicate that about five percent of household surveys of women are conducted with quantitative approaches using a survey method. That expresses the dominance of quantitative space over research. Three key findings can also be drawn from the research.Social support has a positive effect on social health as well as women rsquo;s empowerment. Social support has a positive effect on the quality of life of femaleheaded households. In summary, the findings of this research are used in five main categories related to the year of research, problem expression, theoretical framework, and methodology. Finally, in each study the key findings from the reviewed studies were categorized. From the key findings, three findings were identified as positive impact of social support on social health, empowerment, and quality of life of femaleheaded households.Discussion: It is important to adopt a sociological perspective and to have a social approach to the issues of femaleheaded households and to increase social support for this group. Mainly the main problem of women heading the households is insufficient job and income, although this variable is one of the important factors. But having social support is more important than empowering femaleheaded households. Women who are empowered will also be able to have more job opprtunities and have decent incomes. Social participation, on the other hand, the sense of belonging to the community, and the lack of emotional and psychological problems, are some of the issues that result from having social support. The quality of life of femaleheaded households is affected by their social support. Social support can be seen as a variable that has multiple effects on the problems of femaleheaded households. Increased social support will enhance the social health of individuals in the community. The more the supportive resources people receive, the greater their social capital and the sense of belonging and acceptance within society are likely to be. And that means that people rsquo;s crisp paths are closed, and they can be merged. Such people have the opportunity to participate in various social and economic relationships, thereby enabling the community to flourish and, in other words, empower individuals and improve their quality of life. With increasing social support, womenheaded households experience stronger family relationships and regain their independence and selfesteem. In such a case, they will have more peace of mind and time to learn different skills that will enable them to get better jobs. The five stages of welfare, access, awareness, participation, and control should be achieved. Of course, support is purely social, that is, organizations can play a role in this area. But this support must come from the community. It is important that women who are the heads of households should not be regarded as ordinary members of society and not interconnected in social, economic, familyrelated, and other spheres. This needs to be developed and adopted as a cultured so that other people in the community first learn that women who are the head of a household in a society need social support because of social anomalies. In addition to informal social support for individuals in the community, special formal attention should be paid to the social dimension that requires the government and social policy makers to provide specific social assistance and anticipate the provisions of the annual budget requirements and the Five Plans Act. In the years of economic, social, and cultural development of the country, close attention should be paid to this issue.Ethical ConsiderationsFundingIn the present study, did not have any sponsorsAuthors rsquo; contributionsAll authors contributed in designing, running, and writing all parts of the research.Conflicts of interestThis article does not conflict with other articles of my.AcknowledgmentsThis article follows the principles of ethics and research and is endorsed by the BuAli Sina University in this regard