Physiological Responses and Performance Analysis Difference between Official and Simulated Karate Combat Conditions

Purpose: this study aimed to compare physiological responses and time-motion analysis between official and simulated karate combat. methods: ten high-level karatekas participated in this study, which included official and simulated karate combat. results: karatekas used more upper-limb attack techniques during official combat compared to simulated ones (6±3 vs 3±1; p=0.05, respectively). for official and simulated karate matches, the numbers of high-intensity actions (i.e. offensive and defensive fighting activity) were 14±6 and 18±5, respectively (p>0.05), lasting from <1s to 5s each. total fighting activity phase was lower during official compared to simulated matches (21.0±8.2s vs 30.4±9.9s, p<0.01, respectively). effort (10.0±2.8s) to rest (11.9±2.7s) ratio (e:r) was 1:1 and high-intensity actions (1.6±0.3s) to rest (11.9±2.7s) ratio was higher than 1:7 during simulated combat. during official karate match, the activity and rest duration were 10.0±3.4s and 16.2±4.1s, respectively (e:r ratio 1:1.5), while high-intensity actions were 1.5±0.3s, resulting in an e:r ratio of 1:11. blood lactate concentration was higher during official (11.14±1.82 mmol.l^-1) compared to simulated karate combat (7.80±2.66 mmol.l-1) (p<0.05). subjective perceived exertion differed significantly between official and simulated combat (14±2 vs. 12±2; p<0.05, respectively). the majority of karatekas’ perceived exertion was higher in the lower limb muscle groups irrespective of the karate combat condition. conclusion: official and simulated matches differ considerably, therefore coaches should create new strategies during training sessions to achieve the same effort and pause profile of competitive matches and/or that athletes should be submitted to frequent competitions to adapt themselves to the profile of this event.