تحلیل عملکرد بادگیر دو طبقه خانه آقازاده با رویکرد مدل‌سازی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (cfd)

خانه آقازاده در شهر ابرکوه از نمونه های برجسته معماری اقلیمی در ایران است که با بهره گیری از عناصر پایداری مانند حیاط مرکزی، حوض و بادگیر دو طبقه، به گونه ای هوشمندانه مصرف انرژی را کاهش داده و آسایش حرارتی را ارتقا می دهد. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل عملکرد بادگیر منحصربه فرد و دوطبقه این خانه از منظر تهویه طبیعی، از رویکرد تحقیق ترکیبی استفاده کرده است. داده ها از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه ای و برداشت میدانی گردآوری و به روش توصیفی تحلیل، سپس با مدل سازی رایانه ای در نرم افزار دیزاین بیلدر ارزیابی شده اند. شبیه سازی جریان هوا بر اساس فایل اقلیمی و تحلیل دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (سی. اف. دی) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد طبقه دوم بادگیر این خانه نقش مهمی در بهبود تهویه، افزایش سرعت جریان و کاهش ورود ذرات معلق و آلودگی ها دارد. این طراحی، حتی در شرایط بدون باد، تهویه موثری فراهم می کند و الگویی الهام بخش برای معماری معاصر در اقلیم گرم و خشک به شمار می رود.

performance analysis of the two-story windcatcher of aghazadeh house using computational fluid dynamics (cfd) modeling

traditional iranian architecture demonstrates an extraordinary ability to harmonize with the natural environment, employing indigenous knowledge to develop sustainable strategies for thermal comfort and energy efficiency. among its most fascinating innovations stands the aghazadeh house in abarkuh, iran, renowned for its exceptional two-story windcatcher (badgir), a feature seldom observed in vernacular iranian architecture. this research explores the unique functional attributes and aerodynamic advantages of the aghazadeh house rsquo;s two-tier windcatcher, analyzing its behavior through computational fluid dynamics (cfd) simulations supported by principles of fluid mechanics. windcatchers have historically played a vital role in passive cooling strategies across hot and arid regions of the iranian plateau, significantly minimizing reliance on mechanical ventilation systems. while single-story windcatchers are widely found across iran rsquo;s historic buildings, the dual-level design of the aghazadeh windcatcher raises important questions regarding its performance superiority over conventional forms. specifically, this study investigates whether the added upper tier mdash;by virtue of its height, specific geometry, and placement mdash;enhances airflow dynamics, cooling efficiency, and indoor air quality employing a mixed-methods research approach, the study integrates qualitative historical analysis with rigorous quantitative cfd modeling. field surveys, architectural documentation, and digital modeling using designbuilder software form the methodological foundation. local climatic data mdash;especially wind speed and direction from the epw climate dataset for abarkuh mdash;provide the environmental context for simulations. two primary configurations were analyzed: the existing twotier windcatcher and a modified single-tier version derived by computationally removing the upper level. cfd analysis assessed airflow velocity, pressure gradients, direction, and thermal performance within and around the unique structure. findings show that the second tier significantly improves airflow management inside the building. situated at a higher elevation, it captures stronger and cleaner air while reducing intake of hot, dust-laden air from lower altitudes. air velocities up to 3.5 m/s were recorded at the upper openings, compared to 0.5 -2.5 m/s in the lower tier mdash;demonstrating a stronger induction effect. pressure differential analysis confirms that the two-tier system supports bi-directional airflow mdash;both intake and exhaust mdash;even under low wind conditions. this vertical separation of airflow layers contributes to a more continuous and stable natural ventilation cycle compared to conventional single-tier designs, the aghazadeh windcatcher provides higher air exchange rates, improved thermal regulation, and superior indoor air quality. the upper tier functions not only as a secondary wind intake but also as an auxiliary outlet, facilitating smoother airflow and mitigating temperature fluctuations in interior spaces. its dualfunctionality results in a more balanced and effective passive ventilation system this study highlights the engineering ingenuity of traditional iranian architecture and emphasizes its relevance for contemporary sustainable design. as modern architecture faces the pressing challenges of increased energy use and climate responsiveness, reviving ancient passive cooling methods mdash;such as multi-tiered windcatchers mdash;offers promising, lowenergy alternatives to mechanical hvac systems. integrating these proven, context-responsive technologies into modern architectural practice could advance energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and promote environmentally responsible design, particularly in hot and arid regions all over the world.