تحلیلی بر ایده‌های اتخاذ شده در طراحی مساجد معاصر جهان

در دوران معاصر، مساجد متعددی در کشورهای مختلف ساخته شده اند که برخی در تداوم مساجد گذشته، برخی دارای مشابهت هایی با آن ها و برخی کاملا متفاوت بوده است. یکی از موضوعاتی که در طراحی مساجد قابل بررسی است، ایدۀ اولیه اخذ شده در طراحی آن هاست که در این پژوهش با بررسی مدارک تعدادی از مساجد معاصر جهان، به آن پرداخته می شود. هدف این پژوهش شناخت ایده های اخذ شده در طراحی مساجد معاصر و نحوه ظهور این ایده ها در معماری است. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. ایده های مساجد معاصر قابل دسته بندی در ده دسته هستند: ارتباط با بستر طرح، معماری بومی و محلی، طبیعت، مفاهیم پایداری، اسلام و تمدن اسلامی، الگوها و عناصر مساجد سنتی، ترکیب معماری سنتی و مدرن، مفاهیم معماری مدرن، موضوعات کارکردی مسجد و استعاره ها و مفاهیم نمادین. تحقق ایده ها در درجه اول در عناصر مسجد و در مراتب بعدی در ویژگی های شکلی و فضایی مسجد قابل پی گیری است.

an analysis on ideas of contemporary mosques in the world

many mosques have been built in different countries in the contemporary era and recent years; some of which are in the continuity of the past mosques, some have resemblance to them and others are quite different. one of the factors that can be analyzed in these mosques is their ideas and concepts. this study tries to analyze 62 contemporary mosques in the world. the results can help in design of future mosques by recognition of the ideas of past mosques and the way they project in architecture. so, the aim of this study is the recognition of the ideas of contemporary mosques and the way the ideas project in their architecture. the method of this research is analytic-descriptive. the collection of data was library based. the selected mosques were built about the last 45 years. as a result of this study, the ideas of contemporary mosques can be classified into 10 categories: connection with the design context, native and local architecture, nature, sustainability, islam and islamic civilization, patterns and elements of traditional mosques, combination of traditional and modern architecture, modern architecture concepts, function of mosque, metaphors and symbolic concepts. four styles have been proposed for the investigated mosques. mosques that are more similar to traditional mosques or native architecture of each region, although they use modern technology or materials, are classified as traditional mosques. mosques that are somewhat similar to the past mosques in their appearance and plan, but some features of modern architecture distinguish them from traditional mosques, such as not using the known elements of the mosque or redefining those elements, or the simplicity of the form and interior space, can be considered as traditional-modern mosques. the third category is modern-traditional mosques, which have more difference from the appearance of traditional mosques, but still have some features such as geometry and spatial relations in the plan or having some elements of the traditional mosques. the last category, completely modern mosques, are mosques that are significantly different from traditional mosques both in form and geometry, and if mosque elements were used in them, this use is accompanied by a significant redefinition of these elements, that in some cases, if the audience does not know the function of the building, it seems difficult to recognize that it is a mosque. ​examining the emergence of ideas in the architecture of mosques also leads to some results. using mosque elements such as dome, minaret, etc. has been one of the most important ways of architects to introduce a building as a mosque; although, in order to have innovation in them, various forms were used in each of the elements of the mosque. the form of the mosque has been another important subject for emergence of ideas. to a lesser extent than others, it is possible to see the emergence of ideas in the spatial features of mosques, which can be seen in ideas such as the functional features of the mosque and the affordance to be a place for praying and gathering.